行业研究公司研究宏观策略财报招股书会议纪要 seedance2.0 低空经济 DeepSeek AIGC 大模型

人工智能与教学和学习的未来：见解与建议

信息技术 2023-05-01 美国教育部 Fanfan(关放）

核心观点

美国教育部发布的研报探讨了人工智能（AI）在教育领域的应用前景和潜在风险，并提出了相应的政策建议。

人工智能的定义

研报将人工智能定义为“基于关联的自动化”，并从三个角度进行阐述：

类人推理：AI系统能够执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务，如视觉感知、语音识别、学习、决策和自然语言处理。
追求目标的算法：AI系统通过识别数据中的模式并自动做出决策来实现目标。
智能增强：AI作为人类中心合作的模式，通过人与AI的合作来增强认知能力，包括学习、决策和新的体验。

人工智能在教育领域的应用

研报认为，AI在教育领域具有巨大的应用潜力，可以：

支持学生学习：AI系统可以实现个性化学习，根据学生的优势和需求调整学习内容和节奏，并提供实时反馈。
提高教学质量：AI助手可以帮助教师减轻教学负担，提供教学建议，并扩展教师对学生支持的范围。
促进形成性评估：AI系统可以自动化评估过程，提供更全面的反馈，并帮助教师更好地了解学生的学习情况。

人工智能在教育领域的风险

研报也指出了AI在教育领域可能带来的风险：

算法歧视：AI系统可能存在偏见，导致对某些学生群体不公平。
数据隐私和安全：AI系统需要大量数据，可能存在数据泄露和滥用的风险。
过度依赖技术：过度依赖AI系统可能导致学生缺乏批判性思维和问题解决能力。
监控和隐私问题：AI系统可能被用于监控学生和教师，侵犯隐私权。

政策建议

研报提出了七项政策建议：

强调人在回路：确保教师在教育过程中保持主导地位，并对AI系统的决策进行监督和调整。
将AI模型与教育愿景相结合：选择与教育目标相符的AI模型，并确保AI系统支持学生的全面发展。
使用现代学习原则进行设计：AI系统的设计应基于最新的学习科学原理，并关注学生的社会性和文化背景。
优先加强信任：建立透明的AI系统，并确保AI系统的安全性和有效性。
告知和参与教育工作者：让教育工作者参与到AI系统的设计和评估中，并提供必要的培训和支持。
将研发重点放在解决上下文和增强信任与安全上：AI系统的研发应关注学生的学习环境和文化背景，并确保AI系统的公平性和透明度。
制定教育领域特定的指南和护栏：制定针对教育领域的AI政策和法规，以保护学生和教师的权益。

研究结论

研报认为，AI在教育领域具有巨大的应用潜力，但同时也存在一定的风险。为了确保AI能够安全、有效地应用于教育领域，需要制定相应的政策法规，并加强教育工作者、研究人员和开发者的合作。

Insights and Recommendations May2023 Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning Miguel A. Cardona, Ed.D.Secretary,U.S. Department of Education Roberto J.RodríguezAssistant Secretary,Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development Kristina Ishmael Deputy Director,Office of Educational Technology May2023 Examples Are Not EndorsementsThisdocument contains examples and resource materials that are provided for the user’s convenience. The inclusion of any material is not intended to reflect its importance nor is itintended to endorse any views expressed or products or services offered. Thesematerials maycontain the views and recommendations of various subject matter experts as well as hypertext links,contact addresses, and websites to information created and maintained by other public and privateorganizations. The opinions expressed in any of these materials do not necessarily reflect thepositions or policies of the U.S. Department of Education. The U.S. Department of Education doesnot control or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of any informationfrom othersources that are included in these materials. Other than statutory and regulatoryrequirements included in the document, the contents of this guidance do not have the force andeffect of law and are not meant to bind the public. Contracts and ProcurementThis document is not intended to provide legal advice or approval of any potential federal contractor’s business decision or strategy in relation to any current or future federal procurementand/or contract. Further, this document is not an invitation forbid, request for proposal, or othersolicitation. Licensing and AvailabilityThis report is in the public domain and available on the U.S. Department of Education’s (Department’s) website athttps://tech.ed.gov. Requests for alternate format documents such as Braille or large print should be submitted to theAlternate Format Center by calling 1-202-260-0852 or by contacting the 504 coordinator viaemailatom_eeos@ed.gov. Notice to Limited English Proficient PersonsIf you have difficulty understanding English, you may request language assistance services for Department information that is available to the public. These language assistance services areavailable free of charge. If you need more information about interpretation or translation services,please call 1-800-USA-LEARN (1-800-872-5327) (TTY: 1-800-437-0833);email us atEd.Language.Assistance@ed.gov;or write to U.S. Department of Education, Information ResourceCenter, LBJ Education Building, 400 Maryland Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20202. How to Cite Whilepermission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the suggested citation isas follows:U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology,Artificial Intelligence andFuture of Teaching and Learning: Insights and Recommendations, Washington, DC, 2023. Table of Contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Rising Interest in AI in Education.........................................................................................................................................................1Three Reasons to Address AI in Education Now...................................................................................................................2Toward Policies for AI in Education..................................................................................................................................................3 Building Ethical, Equitable Policies Together........................................................6 Guiding Questions...........................................................................................................................................................................................6Foundation 1: Center People (Parents, Educators, and Students).........................................................................6Foundation 2: Advance Equity...............................................................................................................................................................7Foundation 3: Ensure Safety, Ethics, and Effectiveness................................................................................................8Foundation 4: Promote Transparency...........................................................................................................................................9Overview of Document............................................................................................................................................................................10 What is AI?..........................................................................................................................11 Perspective: Human-Like Reasoning.......................................................

点击免费查看完整报告