人工智能与学习的未来

Ben GomesChief TechnologistLearning & Sustainability Yossi MatiasVP & GMGoogle Research Lila IbrahimChief Operating Officer Christopher PhillipsVP & GM James ManyikaSVP AI opens up new possibilities for peopleto learn, access education, and followtheir curiosity. It can also help addresscritical challenges, including concerning Google believes that by supporting teachers and personalizinglearning, AI can help unlock human potential all around the world.While human relationships will always remain central to teachingand learning, we see tremendous opportunity for AI to supportGoogle’s mission to make the world’s information universallyaccessible and useful. At the same time, AI presents urgent Learning Matters Learning is the bedrock of human potential and societal progress. Itequips us with new skills, sparks curiosity and the exchange of fresh New technologies have always been a force to expand society’sknowledge, as well as accelerate, challenge, and ultimately reshape howwe learn and what we know. From the invention of the printing press tothe vast expanse of the internet, advances in technology have helped Curiosity and the desire to learn are human nature, and today, learningopportunities are accessible to more people than ever before. A brief history of education:Where we started, where we are Historically, formal education was exclusive: limitingthe path to opportunities to a select few. As a result,many efforts have focused on widening access, witha long arc of progress from royal tutors (effective,personalized, but inaccessible), to the industrialmodel of education (a powerful tool for expanding The world has made huge strides in access. 90% ofprimary school-aged children globally are enrolledin school and approximately 87% complete theirprimary education. However, challenges remain, Making good on the promise of education meansensuring all learners reach proficiency whilesupporting their potential and well-being at everylevel. Public education systems face significantstrain as a result of inadequate funding, thecontinuing impact of pandemic-era learning loss, These interconnected factors are compounded bythe need to constantly update curricula to preparestudents for the demands of a changing world. According to the OECD’s Programme forInternational Student Assessment (PISA), globallearning outcomes have declined over the last twodecades. Results from the2022 PISA survey, whichcaptured data from 81 countries and economies,noted an “unprecedented performance drop” withmean performance in mathematics down by 15points and reading down by 10 points compared to2018. Challenges are being seen in developed anddeveloping countries alike. And despite positive Source:OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State ofLearning and Equity in Education. Learning, teaching and education are universal in humansocieties Learning:The acquisition and retention of information,representing a shift in what an individual knows or can do. It is not easy to keep up with the acceleratingdemands of a rapidly changing world. Today’s jobsdemand not just foundational skills, but advancedproblem solving, collaboration, and the ability tolearn throughout life. The emergence of AI marksanother period of profound transformation — theopportunity to rethink how education should adapt Teaching:The process of helping someone else learn. Thishappens in both formal education and outside of that process. Education:The bundling of teaching and learning in a structuredsetting alongside a relatively consistent curriculum. This oftenends with a formal recognition of completion. For simplicity, Though focused on primary and secondary education, thispaper's discussion of opportunities, limitations, and future 1Note: AI is a broad term encompassing a wide range of technologies,including predictive models, generative AI rooted in large languagemodels, and general intelligence. Throughout this paper, we use the Opportunities:AI’s Promise for Learning Advances in AI, such as large language models, present newopportunities to equip learners with the skills they need for success.While the internet removed barriers to accessing information, AIincreases our ability to understand and apply that information. This leapfrom passive consumption to active, deep understanding is a profound Technologists have made similar promises aboutaccess and personalization during prior wavesof education technology — and while some weremet, many were not. These cycles did, however,offer valuable lessons about what works (andwhat doesn’t) in education technology, including Education systems have always faceda core challenge: limited resources. Ideally, every student would spend ample timeworking in theirzone of proximal development– thesweet spot of “just right” learning challenges thatlead to new skill growth. But because student needs While AI is by no means perfect, it does have thepotential to reduce barriers and allow people to learn