插电：推进印度电动汽车基础设施建设

Plugging In: AdvancingEV Infrastructure in India Roles and recommendations for DISCOMs About RMI Rocky Mountain Institute, or RMI, is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 thattransforms global energy systems through market-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient,clean energy future for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders, communities, andother partners, RMI drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boostaccess to affordable clean energy to enhance security, economics and improve people’s livelihoods.RMI is active in over 60 countries. Authors & Acknowledgments Authors Bryn GrunwaldRaquel SoatIshani SrivastavaDimpy Suneja ContributorsMarshall AbramczykSonika ChoudharyMarie McNamara Authors are listed in alphabetical order. All authors are from RMI unless otherwise stated. Contacts indiainfo@rmi.org Acknowledgments RMI would like to thank all stakeholders that contributed valuable market insights for the developmentof this report, including perspectives from electric distribution companies, government, businessentrepreneurs, and EV charging market researchers. Disclaimer:The data and analyses presented in this report are based on currently available information and are intended to provideprojections rather than predictions of future outcomes. These projections are subject to change as new data and insights becomeavailable. The findings should be interpreted cautiously and used as a guide for planning and decision-making rather than a definitiveforecast. Copyrights and Citation Plugging In: Advancing EV Infrastructure in India, RMI, 2025,https://rmi.org/insight/plugging-in-advancing-ev-infrastructure-in-india/. RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition through sharing knowledgeand insights. We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work throughthe Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. Table of Contents Introduction: Unlocking DISCOM Potential in the EV Infrastructure Market............5Opportunities and challenges..................................................................................................5 Understanding Market Positions: DISCOM Roles in EV InfrastructureDevelopment.................................................................................................8 Advancing EV Infrastructure: Challenges, Solutions, and Priority Actions forDISCOMs......................................................................................................11 Challenges and solutions for DISCOMs supporting the EV infrastructure market..........................11Challenges and solutions for DISCOMs operating as CPOs..........................................................15Business models for implementing EV infrastructure: Global examples of electric utilitiesoperating as CPOs.................................................................................................................15 Conclusion: DISCOMs as Impactful EV Infrastructure Leaders..............................21 Appendix.....................................................................................................22Additional EV Infrastructure Business Models..........................................................................22 Endnotes......................................................................................................23 Introduction: UnlockingDISCOM Potential in the EVInfrastructure Market India’s EV charging infrastructure sector is at a critical inflexion point, with Indian electric distributioncompanies (DISCOMs) poised to play a pivotal role. Although momentum is building, with EVs making up6.4% of all vehicle sales in India in 2023, they still represent a small portion of vehicles on the road — lessthan 1% of the total vehicle stock as of April 2025.1By 2040, RMI estimates India will need over 1.9 millionpublic chargers and 2,75,000 battery-swapping stations.2These will be needed to achieve the country’stargets of 30% EV penetration by 2030 and energy independence by 2047.3Although over 25,000 publicchargers and 2,600 battery swapping stations are already deployed, several barriers continue to hindermarket growth.4 In parallel, India’s power sector has grown significantly over the past decade — electricity demand hasgrown by over 50% and peak demand by nearly 80%.5Given their unique positioning as power providersfor EV infrastructure, DISCOMs have an opportunity to help India scale-up its EV charging and batteryswapping to meet future market needs.i Expanding India’s EV transition depends on building accessible, reliable, and well-plannedEV infrastructure that signals a clear market shift to consumers. This report explores the diverse rolesDISCOMs can play in the transition — from enabling the market, to directly implementing infrastructureas charge point operators (CPOs).iiIt also