结核病和气候变化：分析框架和知识差距

Analytical framework and knowledge gaps Tuberculosis andclimate change Analytical framework and knowledge gaps Tuberculosis and climate change: analytical framework and knowledge gapsISBN 978-92-4-010994-0 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-010995-7 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of thiswork, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products orservices. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must licenseyour work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translationof this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“Thistranslation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible forthe content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding andauthentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance withthe mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Tuberculosis and climate change: analytical framework and knowledge gaps.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights andlicensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party,such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is neededfor that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting frominfringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material inthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHOconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps representapproximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are notmentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguishedby initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind,either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lieswith the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Design by Inis Communication Contents AcknowledgementsivExecutive summaryvi1. Background1About tuberculosis1Climate and health1Objective and scope of the report22. Climate change and TB – an analytical framework4Pathway 1: Migration and displacement6Pathway 2: Food and water insecurity7Country example:The impact of drought-induced food insecurity onTB response in Ethiopia8Pathway 3: Health system disruption10Country example:Assessing the impact of flooding on TB service deliveryin South Africa11Other pathways133. Impact of the TB response on climate change144. Knowledge gaps165. Addressing TB in the context of climate change186. Way forward21References23 Acknowledgements (independent consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia);Celeste Gracia Edwards (The Global Fund toFight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Geneva,Switzerland); Rumina Hasan (Pathology andMicrobiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi City,Pakistan); Liudmila Iurastova (National ResearchMedical Center of Phthisiopulmonology andInfection Diseases, Russian Ministry of Health,Moscow, Russian Federation); Barry Kistnasamy(National Department of Health, Pretoria, SouthAfrica); Afrânio Kritski (Brazilian TB ResearchNetwork, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); Tao Li (NationalCenter for TB Control and Prevention, ChineseCenter for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing, China); Yang Li (Huashan Hospital, FudanUniversity, Shanghai, China); Sandip Mandal(Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi,India); Lachlan McIver (Médecins Sans Frontières,Geneva, Switzerland); Fi