全球发展倡议促进世界各国现代化研究报告

On September 21, 2021, President Xi Jinping formally proposedthe Global Development Initiative(GDI) at the General Debateof the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly,calling on countries to accelerate the implementation of the UnitedNations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, pursue morerobust, greener and more balanced global development, and worktogether to build a global community of development with a sharedfuture. As an important public good that China has contributed tointernational development cooperation in the new era, the GDI,with its forward-looking principles and pragmatic outcomes,has provided a novel solution and crucial impetus for countriesworldwide in their pursuit of modernization. This research paper is the result of a systematic study of the GDI,conducted by a special team of the China Institute of InternationalStudies (CIIS). The study covered such dimensions as newdevelopments in the modernization of countries worldwide,the meanings and features of and interrelationships betweenthe modernization drives of countries, the intrinsic logic of theGDI promoting modernization across countries, and China’scontribution to this cause. CIIS Report Promoting Modernization AcrossCountries Through the GlobalDevelopment Initiative China Institute of International StudiesJune 2025 Contents 802New developments in modernization acrossvarious countries 9(i) Accelerated processes of modernization in the GlobalSouth, despite challenges that can not be ignored 11(ii) Increasingly exposed flaws of “first-mover” countries intheir processes of modernization 13(iii) Failure of Western modernization theories to addressmodernization challenges facing various countries 17(iv) Historic achievements of Chinese modernization 2203Connotations, characteristics andinterconnections of modernization acrossvarious countries 2227(i) Common features of modernization shared by all countries(ii) Interconnections of modernization among various countries 32GDI as a strong impetus to modernizationacross various countries 32(i) Proposal and development of the GDI 39(ii) Internal logic and practical pathways of the GDI formodernization in all countries 52China’s contribution to modernization acrossvarious countries through the implementationof GDI05 52(i) Expanding the Group of Friends and building up mechanisms (ii) Increasing financing for development and pursuing sharedprosperity 54 56(iii) Advancing practical cooperation and promoting inclusivegrowth 61(iv) Upgrading human resources and supporting capacity building Promoting Modernization Across Countries Through the Global Development Initiative 01Abstract Modernization has become an unstoppable prevailing trend in global development sincemodern times. It represents a common cause of all humanity and a shared aspiration ofthe whole world. Modernization can be conceptualized as an interactive developmentprocess that shifts from agricultural to industrial civilization in the economic sphere,from feudal dictatorship and rule of man to democracy and rule of law in the politicalsphere, from agricultural to urban civilization in the social sphere, and from uniformityto diversity in the spiritual sphere. Throughout the dynamic process of modernization,both opportunities and challenges arise for “first-mover” countries, which are thefirst to achieve modernization, as well as “late-mover” countries, which are at thenascent stage of modernization. At present, profound changes unseen in a centuryhave accelerated across the world. New developments have unfolded in the processesof modernization across various countries. The Global South has accelerated theirmodernization processes while facing certain challenges. “First-mover” countries haveencountered multifaceted and comprehensive shocks and challenges in maintainingtheir modernization processes, such as economic inequality and populism. Since WorldWar II, Western modernization theories have long dominated the global developmentdiscourse. However, the limitations of their internal logic and practical outcomeshave become increasingly exposed, rendering them more inadequate to addressmodernization challenges faced by countries worldwide. Against this background,Chinese modernization, along with its historic achievements, provide alternativechoices and empirical references for developing countries regarding the path to modernization. Modernization exhibits universal and common features across countries. In thecontext of economic globalization, it is also characterized by a profound interactiverelationship of interdependence and mutual enhancement with diversity and unity.These features are reflected in a variety of aspects, including the development ofproductive forces, the enhancement of national governance capacity, the changes insocial structure, the coordinated development of the environment and culture, theimpact of economic globalization, and the formulation of development paths tailoredto