性别、数字化转型和人工智能

Copyright© 2023 - United Nations Industrial Development Organization© 2023 - www.unido.org, stock.adobe.com, www.freepik.com2023 United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationThis document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations and the presentation of the material in this documentdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, industrialized” and “developing” are intendedfor statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the developmentprocess. Mention of company names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. Although great care has been taken tomaintain the accuracy of the information presented, neither UNIDO nor its member states assume any responsibility for consequences, which mayarise from the use of the material. This document may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgment is requested. For reference and citationplease use: United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 2022.Gender, Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence.Vienna, Austria.This document has been printed on recycled paper in limited number to minimize its environmental impact. Images© Gender, Digital Transformationand Artificial IntelligenceVienna, AustriaJune 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSpecial thanks and gratitude goes to theauthors of the report:Jennifer Castañeda-Navarrete, Cambridge Industrial InnovationPolicy, University of Cambridge;HildeG. Corneliussen, Research Professorand Research Leader, Western NorwayResearch Institute; andArianna Pisciella,Ph.D. Candidate in Management, Facultyof Business and Economics, Universityof Lausanne. UNIDO’s management teamappreciates their extensive knowledge anddiligent work.This publication has been prepared by theUnited Nations Industrial DevelopmentOrganization (UNIDO) under the overallguidance ofCiyong Zou, ManagingDirector of the Technical Cooperationand Sustainable Industrial DevelopmentDirectorate, andYuko Yasunaga, ManagingDirector of the Corporate Servicesand Operations Directorate. Technicalframeworks were coordinated byCeciliaUgaz-Estrada, Director, Gender Equality andWomen Empowerment Unit (COR/GEW) andMarco Kamiya, Chief, Digital Transformationand AI Strategies Division (TCS/DAS). Review and internal and externalconsultations were led byCarmen Schuber,Gender Expert at the Gender Equality andEmpowerment of Women Unit, andAlekseiSavrasov, Industrial Development Officer atthe Digital Transformation and AI StrategiesDivision.Sincere thanks goes to Rosemary VictoriaM. Atabug and Samantha Hung (ADB),Kathryn Baddeley (Cisco), Cristina PomboRivera and Vanderleia Radaelli (IDB),Jaylan Elshazly (IFC), Tracy Tuplin (ITU),Diana Gutierrez (UNDP), and DarshanaJoshi (VigyanShaala) for their substantivecontributions and provision of examplesand case studies.Finally, appreciations go to the membersof the UNIDO Task Force on DigitalTransformation and AI who took time toprovide inputs into the final draft of thepublication. 66CONTENTSFigures, tables and boxesExecutive SummaryAbbreviationsForeword by the Director General Objectiveand Approach2.1THE STATE OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION212.2BARRIERS TO THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION282.2.1Barriers for technology users292.2.2 Barriers for technology learners302.2.3 Barriers for technology developers302.3DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND GENDER EQUALITY: MOVING FORWARDS ORBACKWARDS?332.3.1Artificial intelligence and the risk of reproducing or introducing new formsof discrimination341Gender Gaps in Tech:Barriers and Impacts18214891110 77Bridging theGender Gap in Tech3833.1LANDSCAPE OF INITIATIVES413.2 FACILITATING WOMEN’S AND GIRLS’ ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY453.2.1Making access to digital technologies easier for women and girls463.2.2 Promoting the inclusion of gender considerations in research and digitaltechnology design493.3 CLOSING THE DIGITAL SKILLS GENDER GAP523.3.1Inspiring girls and women533.3.2 Transforming learning spaces553.3.3 Adopting gender-transformative lifelong learning approaches563.4 CREATING GENDER-INCLUSIVE WORKPLACES593.4.1Promoting work–life balance and equal sharing of unpaid care anddomestic work603.4.2 Addressing gender bias in the workplace613.5 CHAMPIONING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS633.6 LEVERAGING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’SEMPOWERMENT663.7UNDERSTANDING GENDER GAPS6870Appendix A. Selected studies on the risk of automation of jobs by genderAppendix C. List of initiativesAppendix B. Useful tools and resources787984KEY FINDINGS40 Recommendations 8FIGURES, TABLES AND BOXESFigure 1WOME