绿色氢促进可持续工业发展：发展中国家的政策工具包

2AcknowledgementThis report is the result of a joint effort between TheUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO),The International Renewable Energy Agen-cy (IRENA)and The German Institute of Developmentand Sustainability (IDOS). It was authored by SmeetaFokeer, Jan Sievernich and Andrea Heredia (UNIDO),Emanuele Bianco and Yury Melnikov (IRENA), and RitaStrohmaier, Almudena Nunez and Andreas Stamm(IDOS). The authors would like to express their sinceregratitude to all those who contributed to this report.Special appreciation is extended to the followingexperts for their reviews of the report: Dolf Gielen(World Bank), Freda Opoku and Eisuke Tachibana (Af-rican Development Bank); Fabian Barrera, MatthiasDeutsch, Zaffar Hussain and Paul Münnich (AgoraEnergiewende); Jan Frederik Braun (Fraunhofer – Hy-drogen Cooperation MENA Head); Ute Collier, AnnKathrine Lipponer, Francisco Boshell, Luis Janeiro andPaul Komor (IRENA); Cindy Parokkil, Maria Sandqvistand Kirsi Silander-van Hunen (ISO); Rasmus Wendt(NunaGreen);Deger Saygin(OECD);Michele Clara(UNIDO); Rainer Quitzow (Research Institute for Sus-tainability,Potsdam);Ludovico Alcorta(UNMERIT);and Frank Wouters (Mena Hydrogen Alliance).DisclaimerThis document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed andthe presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of the Secretariat of UNIDO, IRENA and IDOS concerning the legal status of any country, territory,city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economicsystem or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” or “developing” areintended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reachedby a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial productsdoes not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO, IRENA and IDOS. Material in this publication may be freelyquoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containingthe quotation or reprint.Copyright © 2023 UNIDO, IRENA and IDOS The publication of this report, which was developedunder the Global Programme for Hydrogen in Indus-try, was made possible through the generous fund-ing from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für InternationaleZusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ). IDOS would also liketo acknowledge funding received from the GermanFederal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)through the project “Global Hydrogen Potential At-las” (HYPAT). The layout of the report was prepared byMaria Grineva (UNIDO). GREEN HYDROGENFOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTA POLICY TOOLKIT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIESDecember 2023First edition GREEN HYDROGEN FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: A POLICY TOOLKIT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIESContentsForeword................................................................................................................................. 12Executive summary.............................................................................................................. 131.Introduction....................................................................................................................... 161.1.Why green hydrogen (GH2)?............................................................................................................................161.2.Identifying potential GH2 producers...........................................................................................................161.3.Exploring GH2 applications............................................................................................................................ 171.4.Global demand and the hydrogen industry’s future outlook................................................................181.5.A price forecast for GH2..................................................................................................................................181.6.What are the prospects for renewable-rich developing countries?....................................................191.7.Overcoming the challenges of technological barriers and high production costs..........................191.8.Harnessing the transformative potential of GH2.....................................................................................192.The GH2 industry: reframing the narrative................................................................ 222.1. Envisioning the role of GH2 in developing countries...............................................................................232.2.Unravelling the benefits and barriers of GH2 trade.................................................................................252.3.The potential of GH2 to transform industrial development..................................................................292.4.Building the GH2 value chain.........