从游乐场到平台——数字时代的童年

2|FROM PLAYGROUNDS TO PLATFORMS – CHILDHOOD IN THE DIGITAL AGE © OECD 2025OECD WISE Centre Policy InsightsSynthèse du Centre WISE de l’OCDEOECD WISE Centre Policy InsightsBuilding on the existingOECD Recommendation on Children in the Digital Environment, the reportexplores the challenges of creating an institutional framework to promote safety and well-being ofchildren in the digital age. It stresses the need for:•A better understanding of theinterplay between children’s lives online and offline, and anumber of well-being outcomes. This includes identifying factors in children’s life circumstancesand offline environment that actively contribute to their knowledge of healthy digital practices andconfidence in navigating digital services safely. At the same time, it also involves recognisingfactors that contribute to risks, lead to problematic digital behaviours, or result in excessive timespent online.•Evidence-based regulations and cross-sectoral government actionin response to thewidespread use of digital media by children and to advancements in technology, including artificialintelligence and immersive experiences. Effective “safety by design” measures in digital servicesare essential to protect children online, ensuring that the responsibility for safety and promotinghealthy digital practices is not unduly placed on parents and children themselves.•Clear guidance and support to assist educators, parents, and caregiversin helping childrenpositively manage their engagement with digital technologies, develop digital skills, establishappropriate limits, and fulfil their expressed desire for protection and support without beingexcluded from key areas of the digital environment, such as social media.•Integrating children's views and perspectivesinto digital policies and strategiesto upholdtheir rights and ensure that their needs, behaviours and the risks they face in the digitalenvironment and – how it relates to their offline lives – are understood in a full and accurate way.Engaging children in decisions affecting their rights and empowerment in the digital environmenthelps create support systems and regulations that are age-appropriate, aligned with their level ofmaturity, and include supports and restrictions that are more likely to be accepted and respected.•Solid evidence and data on the impact of children's digital behaviourson well-being – whichtake into account the purpose and motivation of digital use, level of active or passive engagement,and time spent online – are essential for guiding effective policies. The evidence base should beinformed by research and draw on the expertise of health professionals, teachers and caregiversto better identify vulnerabilities, prevent problems from escalating, and develop effective copingstrategies for children at risk of harm.How much time are children spending on digital devices and what for?In 2022, children’saccess to the digital environment was almost universalin the OECD. On average,96% of 15-year-olds had access to the Internet via desktop computer, laptop, or tablet at home while 98%had a smartphone. Children are getting a smartphone young. Approximately 70% of ten-years-olds havetheir own smartphone, however this number varies hugely across countries, from only 29% in Türkiye and40% in France to more than 90% in Latvia, Poland, and the Nordic countries.Children are spending a significant portion of their lives online. Within each OECD country, the number ofhours spent online varies widely among 15-year-olds. The information collected in PISA surveys suggeststhat, in 2022, around one in four 15-year-olds spent no more than 20 hours per week using digital devices,though there were large variations across countries. Across almost all countries, at least halfof 15-year-olds spent 30 hours or more per weekusing digital devices. A significant minority of these teenagers,ranging from 10% in Japan to 43% in Latvia, are very intensive users who spent 60 hours or more on digitaldevices, or in other words more than a third of the week. Japan stands out with a significantly lowerproportion (31%) of 15-year-olds spending at least 30 hours per week, and a much higher proportionspending as little as 10 hours per week. FROM PLAYGROUNDS TO PLATFORMS – CHILDHOOD IN THE DIGITAL AGE © OECD 2025The time 15-year-olds spent using digital devices just for leisureoften exceeded the two-hour per dayscreen time limitrecommended by public health agencies or professional associations in a few OECDcountries, including Australia, Germany, and the United States. On average, 60% of 15-year-olds in theOECD spent two hours or more per weekday on digital devices for leisure activities, in addition to timespent for learning. Again, significant variations exist between countries, from 18% in Japan to 81% inEstonia.Across the OECD, 95% of 15-year-olds browsed the Internet and social networks for fun. Most used digitaldevices forcommunication and sharing content(88%),seeking practical informat