女性在医疗保健中的代表性五年回顾（英）

A five-year review of women’s representation in healthcareWomen’s representation hasn’t seenmuch change between 2020 and2024, and in fact, attrition rates havegotten worse.Research methodologyThis article is based on datacollected forWomen in the Workplace 2024: The 10th-anniversaryreportand theWomen in the Workplace 2020report, published by McKinsey in partnership withLeanIn.Org.1The analyses build on similar research that LeanIn.Org and McKinsey have conductedannually since 2015.For the 2024 report, 27 healthcare organizations employing more than 790,000 people acrossCanada and the United States were surveyed, and data about pipeline representation were collectedfrom year-end 2023. These data reflect not only the representation of women and men as ofDecember 31, 2023, but also personnel changes (for example, those resulting from promotion, hiring,and attrition) during 2023.Similarly, for the 2020 report, the survey included 22 healthcare organizations employing more than720,000 people, and data about pipeline representation were collected from year-end 2019. Entry-level data does not include frontline workers but does include full-time nurses who have a path foradvancement through the corporate pipeline. HR leaders and professionals provided informationon policies, programs, and priorities at their companies. These data sets, representing point-in-timesnapshots, reflect the responses of companies and the experiences of employees when the surveywas conducted.VisitWomenintheWorkplace.comto see a list of the healthcare organizations that agreed to publiclyshare that they participated in the healthcare benchmark.1Alexis Krivkovich, Emily Field, Lareina Yee, Megan McConnell, and Hannah Smith,Women in the Workplace 2024: The10th-anniversary report, a joint report from LeanIn.Org and McKinsey, September 17, 2024; Sarah Coury, Jess Huang, AnkurKumar, Sara Prince, Alexis Krivkovich, and Lareina Yee,Women in the Workplace 2020, a joint report from LeanIn.Org andMcKinsey, 2020. The healthcare industryhas long been a leader when it comes towomen’s representation in the workforce. It has proved to be anattractive destination for the roughly 40 percent of US STEM collegegraduates who are women.1In fact, in the United States, nursing is thelargest healthcare profession, and 88 percent of nurses are women.2And while women in healthcare have found it tough to climb the careerladder and break the glass ceiling, our prior annual-survey-basedreports—first published in 2019—have foundpositive trends towardimproving promotion rates and overall retention.However, our most recent survey shows that progress might beslowing; barriers remain that require focused investment fromhealthcare organizations. Women’s representation hasn’t seen muchchange between 2020 and 2024, and in fact, attrition rates havegotten worse. Our analysis is focused on the workforce at healthcareorganizations (including payers, providers, and healthcare servicesand technology firms) and is based on data obtained forWomen inthe Workplace 2024: The 10th-anniversary reportand theWomen inthe Workplace 2020reportpublished by McKinsey and LeanIn.Org(see sidebar, “Research methodology”).3McKinsey research published in 2021raised concerns about thepotential for lingering challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic toput disproportionate stress on women in the healthcare workforcecompared with men in healthcare.4Subsequent research on thehealthcare workforce pointed to challenges in promotion and retention,noting that the industry has room for improvement.5These concernsremain evident in our most recent analysis.1Richard Fry, Brian Kennedy, and Cary Funk, “STEM Jobs See Uneven Progress in IncreasingGender, Racial and Ethnic Diversity,” Pew Research Center, April 1, 2021; “Number andpercentage distribution of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)degrees/certificates conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity, level ofdegree/certificate, and sex of student: Academic years 2012-13 through 2022-23,” NationalCenter for Education Statistics, December 2024.2“2022 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses Snapshot,” Health Resources andServices Administration, March 2024.3Alexis Krivkovich, Emily Field, Lareina Yee, Megan McConnell, and Hannah Smith,Womenin the Workplace 2024: The 10th-anniversary report, a joint report from LeanIn.Org andMcKinsey, September 17, 2024; Sarah Coury, Jess Huang, Ankur Kumar, Sara Prince, AlexisKrivkovich, and Lareina Yee,Women in the Workplace 2020, a joint report from LeanIn.Organd McKinsey, 2020.4“Seven charts that show COVID-19’s impact on women’s employment,” McKinsey,March 8, 2021.5Gretchen Berlin, Nicole Robinson, and Mayra Sharma, “Women in the healthcare industry:An update,” McKinsey, March 30, 2023. Representationof womenin corporate rolesin the US andCanada,¹% of employeesNote: Analyses and conclusions are based on calculating the statistical significance of numerical changes.1Aggregate results from pa