2024年贸易政策的主要统计数据和趋势

Key statistics and trendsin trade policy2024Technical and statistical report Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright ClearanceCenter at copyright.com.All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to:United Nations Publications405 East 42nd StreetNew York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail:publications@un.orgWebsite:https://shop.un.orgThe findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of itsfrontiers or boundaries.Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.This publication has not been formally edited.United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNCTAD/DITC/TAB/2025/1ISBN: 978-92-1-003508-8eISBN: 978-92-1-107283-9ISSN: 2409-7713eISSN: 2707-7160Sales No. E.25.II.D.16 iiiAcknowledgementsThis publication was prepared under the guidance of Alessandro Nicita of the UNCTAD Divisionon International Trade and Commodities. The benefited from inputs and comments from divisionand statistics colleagues. Fabien Dumesnil, Denise Penello Rial and Rado Razafinombanacontributed by providing and formatting data that originated from the Statistics Division of theUnited Nations, United Nations Comtrade database and the UNCTAD Trade Analysis InformationSystem (TRAINS).Desktop publishing and the cover were undertaken by Jenifer Tacardon-Mercado. NoteKey Statistics and Trends in Trade Policyis a yearly publication of the UNCTAD Division onInternational Trade and Commodities. The publication informs on the use and effects of a widerange of trade policies influencing international trade. The series is part of a larger effort byUNCTAD to analyse trade-related issues of particular importance to developing countries interms of their participation in the international trading system, as requested by the mandate ofUNCTAD XV, as outlined in paragraphs 107 and 113 of the Bridgetown Covenant. iv vTable of contentsAcknowledgements..........................................................................iiiNote...................................................................................................ivData sources.....................................................................................viGlossary............................................................................................viiOverview...........................................................................................ix1. TariffsAverage import and export restrictiveness, by region.....................3Multilateral and preferential tariff liberalization................................4Free trade and remaining tariffs, by broad category......................5Trade weighted average tariffs, by region, broad category andsector.........................................................................................6Tariff peaks, by region, broad category and sector........................7Tariff escalation by region, broad category and sector..................8Tariff restrictiveness, matrix by region.............................................9Relative preferential margins, matrix by region.............................10Import restrictiveness....................................................................112. Trade agreementsTrade agreements..........................................................................15Importance of preferential trade agreements................................16Policy space: Multilateral constraints............................................173. Non-tariff measuresPrevalence of non-tariff measures, by type and broad category..21Non-tariff measures: SPS measures and TBT measures..............22Non-tariff measures: Quantity and price measures and exportmeasures.................................................................................23Technical non-tariff measures, by economy..................................24Border measures: coverage and ad-valorem equivalents.............254. Trade defence measuresTrade defence measures (2023)....................................................29Trade defence measures, by economy.........................................30 Data sourcesAll statistics in this publication have been produced by the UNCTAD secretariat using datafrom various sources. Data on tariffs and non-tariff measures originate from the UNCTAD TradeAnalysis and Information System (TRAINS) database (https://trainsonline.unctad.org/home), whiledata on bound tariffs derive from the WTO’s Consolidated Tariff