关于公共采购的见解：BREADY项目的主要发现（英）2025

Bridgingthis gap,the World Bank has used expertquestionnairesto benchmark key regulations and buildeconomy-level data sets that expand coverage to include developingeconomies. The Benchmarking Public Procurement report (WorldBank 2017a) and the Contracting with the Government indicatorin the former Doing Business report both involved designing andrefining questionnaires with input from experts and administeringthem to a wider range of respondents (Nogues Comas and MendesDos Santos 2021). Careful research and refinement of previousefforts led to the establishment of the Public Procurement categoryof indicators under the Market Competition topic of the BusinessReady (B-READY) project. The initial rollout includes data for 50economies representing all regions and income levels, available onthe B-READY website. The B-READY project will expand itscoverage to 180 economies by 2026.Benchmarkingpublic procurement from acompetition perspective: Introducing the PublicProcurement category of indicators in B-READYTheB-READY methodology is founded on an analyticalframework consisting of three pillars: (1) Regulatory Framework;(2) Public Services; and (3) Operational Efficiency. B-READYmeasures business regulations comprehensively across 10 topics;Market Competition is one of them. Under this framework,primary data are collected and scored annually to create a rich datasetof indicators.The novel methodology combines expertconsultations and firm-level surveys, capturing broader dimensions(such as perceptions of firms regarding the ease of bidding forSource:B-READY 2024 data.Note:The B-READY methodology assigns specific weights to subcategories based on their relevance within each category. In other words, not allindicators within the Public Procurement category carry the same weight. The right-hand side of this figure details how the Composite ProcurementCategory score is computed and includes the maximum score a subcategory can achieve based on the weight assigned to it: (i) the Public Procurementcategory in the Regulatory Framework pillar is distributed as follows: 35 percent–Access and Firm’s Participation; 35 percent–Best Value for Money; 15percent–Fairness of the Procurement Process; and 15 percent–Transparency of Key Procurement Documents. (ii) the Public Procurement category inthe Public Services pillar is distributed as follows: 67 percent–Digitalization of Procurement Procedures, and 33 percent–Transparency of KeyProcurement Documents. (iii) the Public Procurement category in the Operational Efficiency pillar is distributed equally (25 percent each). Theindividual weight of an indicator is the result of applying the pillar weight, the category weight, and the subcategory weight.Figure 1Structure of the Market Competition methodology and derivation of the Composite ProcurementCategory score public tenders). The dual approach ensures a balance between datacomparabilityand representativeness across and within eacheconomy.TheB-READY Market Competition topic covers threecategories:(1)competition;(2)innovation;and(3)publicprocurement. Each category constitutes one-third of the MarketCompetition topic. This Brief focuses on the third category only:public procurement. Consequently, all results presented in thisBrief are rescaled to reflect the focus on public procurement alone,rather than the broader Market Competition B-READY topic. Inaddition, public procurement indicators are organized into threepillars, each of which reflects different aspects and perspectives onthe business environment: (I) Regulatory Framework; (II) PublicServices; and (III) Operational Efficiency. Scores in each pillarrange from 0 to 100 (where 100 represents the best performance).To provide an aggregate public procurement score, this Briefcomputes the Composite Procurement Category score by averagingthe corresponding public procurement pillar scores. Full details onhow the Public Procurement category fits into the overall MarketCompetition topic are shown in figure 1. A summary of the data setwill be provided (as of May 1, 2023) including insights andpatterns observed across economies with different levels of income.The Public Procurement category measures international goodpracticesthat promote competitive,fair,and transparentcontractingprocesses in government markets across keydimensions of the procurement cycle. It evaluates the regulatoryframework covering tender design, procedural aspects, and contractimplementation, including environmental and gender dimensions, 2 as well as public services through the degree of digitalization ofprocurement processes. It then adds a third layer of analysis bymeasuring government efficiency in awarding contracts, makingpayments, and the ease of bidding, including the gender gap in theownership and executive management of the suppliers.As shown in figure 1, the Composite Procurement CategoryTable 1Public Procurement category performance, composite and by pillarSource:B-READY 2024 data.Note:The economies ar