关于“对化学品的态度”的看法：源自避免化学品对健康产生负面影响支付意愿调查（SWACHE）项目的见解

From the Surveys on Willingness-to-Pay to Avoid Negative Chemicals-Related HealthImpacts (SWACHE) Project Series on Risk Managementof Chemicals Series on Risk Management of Chemicals Insights on “Attitudes towards chemicals” From the Surveys on Willingness-to-Pay to Avoid NegativeChemicals-Related Health Impacts (SWACHE) Project Pleasecitethispublicationas: OECD(2024),Insights on “Attitudes towards chemicals”From the Surveys onWillingness-to-Pay to Avoid Negative Chemicals-Related Health Impacts(SWACHE) Project,OECD Series on RiskManagementof Chemicals,OECDPublishing, Paris. © Photo credits:Cover:ArtFish/Shutterstock.com © OECD 2024Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material About the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmentalorganisation in which representatives of 38 countries in North and South America, Europe and theAsia and Pacific region, as well as the EuropeanUnion, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies,discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems. Most ofthe OECD’s work is carried out by more than 200 specialised committees and working groupscomposed of member country delegates. Observers from severalPartnercountries, and frominterested international organisations, attend many of the OECD’s workshops and othermeetings.Committees and working groups are served by the OECD Secretariat, located in Paris, France,which is organised into directorates and divisions. The Environment, Health and Safety Division publishes free-of-charge documents in twelvedifferentseries:Testing and Assessment;Good Laboratory Practice and ComplianceMonitoring;Pesticides;Biocides;Risk Management;Harmonisation of RegulatoryOversightin Biotechnology;Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds;Chemical Accidents;PollutantRelease and Transfer Registers;Emission Scenario Documents;Safety ofManufactured Nanomaterials;andAdverse Outcome Pathways. More information about theEnvironment, Health and Safety Programme and EHS publications is available on the OECD’sWorld Wide Web site (www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/). This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflectthe views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organisations. The Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) wasestablished in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference onEnvironment and Development to strengthen co-operation andincrease international co-ordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organisations are FAO, ILO,UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank,Basel, Rotterdam and StockholmConventionsand OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote co-ordination of thepolicies and activities pursued by the Participating Organisations, jointly or separately, toachievethe sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and theenvironment. Executive Summary Chemicals are the building blocks for products and processes and provide an array of useful functions.They are also released from industrial and consumer sources into the environment and depending on theiruse, humans are directly exposed. However, some chemicals can have negative impacts on human healthand the environment and need to be properly managed. Chemical management programmes in countriesand within industry seek to reduce and limit the negative impacts of chemicals. The “Surveys on Willingness-to-Pay to Avoid Negative Chemicals-Related Health Impacts” (SWACHE)project supports the socio-economic analysis of chemicals by helping to better quantify the monetarybenefit of reducing morbidity of chemicals to fill the knowledge gap of the cost of policy inaction whencountries set up national chemical management programmes. In the context of these surveys, the OECD also included a series of questions about the respondents’attitudes towards their exposure to harmful chemicals and the need for action by governments and industryto reduce exposure to harmful substances. The present analysis of responses to the attitudinal questions show that the public is generally aware ofthe hazards of chemicals and how they can be exposed, are taking action in their everyday lives to reduceexposure and overwhelmingly support stronger action by governments and the chemical industry to reducethe presence and emission of harmful substances. Almost three out of four respondents said they were aware of the health risks associated with chemicalsand while there is some variation among countries, at least 50% of respondents across all countriesconfirmed their awareness. Likewise, the majority of respondents (62%) said that they were aware oftheways in which they can be exposed to harmful chemicals. Nevertheless, there appeared to be increaseduncertainty about ways of exposure as inferred from the higher proportion of respondents neither agreeingnor disagreeing with the st