新冠肺炎、粮食救济和社会距离：来自菲律宾巴彦-巴彦尼汉项目的证据

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKTheADB Economics Working Paper Seriespresents research in progress to elicit commentsand encourage debate on development issuesin Asia and the Pacific. The views expressedare those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views and policies of ADB orits Board of Governors or the governmentsthey represent.ADB Economics Working Paper SeriesChristopher James Cabuay, Yasuyuki Sawada,Elaine S. Tan, Arturo Martinez, Jr., Daniel Boller,Joseph Albert Nino Bulan, Ron Lester Durante,Soyoka Okumura, and Kazuharu YanagimotoNo. 781 | May 2025COVID-19, Food Relief, and Social Distancing: Evidence fromthe Bayan Bayanihan Program in the Philippines Christopher James Cabuay (christopher.cabuay@dlsu.edu.ph) is an associate professor at De La SalleUniversity, Manila. Yasuyuki Sawada (sawada@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp) is a professor at the University of Tokyo.Elaine S. Tan (estan@adb.org) is the director of theData Division; Arturo Martinez, Jr. (amartinezjr@adb.org) is a senior statistician; and Joseph Bulan(jbulan@adb.org) is an associate statistics officer atthe Economic Research and Development ImpactDepartment, Asian Development Bank (ADB). RonLester Durante (rondurante@adb.org) is an IT officerat the Information Technology Department, ADB.Daniel Boller* (dboller@worldbank.org ) is a statisticianat the Development Economics Vice Presidency,the World Bank Group. Soyoka Okamura (okamura-soyoka134@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp) is a PhD studentat the University of Tokyo. Kazuharu Yanagimoto(kazuharu.yanagimoto@cemfi.edu.es) is a PhD studentat the Center for Monetary and Financial Studies.*The author contributed to this study while serving as an ADB staff. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)© 2025 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444Some rights reserved. Published in 2025.ISSN 2313-6537 (print), 2313-6545 (PDF)Publication Stock No. WPS250183-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS250183-2The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to useCorrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China. www.adb.orgthe ADB logo.Notes: ABSTRACTAt the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in the Philippines in April 2020, theAsian Development Bank, in partnership with the Philippine government and the private sector,implemented the Bayan Bayanihan (BB) food relief program which served approximately 162,000households in the National Capital Region and nearby provinces. This study evaluates the impactof in-kind transfers on social distancing by examining the effectiveness of the BB program inrestricting mobility by enabling households to stay at home. We leverage plausibly randomvariations in the timing of the rollout of the program by employing recent developments inestimating staggered difference-in-differences strategies to more accurately identify the effect ofthe program. We find supportive evidence that the program could generally discourage mobility.Our findings suggest that in addition to mitigating food insecurity, food transfer programs can alsogenerate multiple dividends by helping families stay home and reducing the spread of COVID-19.Keywords:COVID-