风力/光伏集成研究推荐实践，第3版

Task14PV in the 100% Renewable Energy System Wind/PV IntegrationStudies, 3rd Edition Expert Group Report on Recommended Practices2024 EXPERT GROUP REPORT ONRECOMMENDED PRACTICES16. WIND/PV INTEGRATION STUDIES 3rdEDITION,2024 Submittedto the Executive Committeesof the International Energy AgencyTechnology Collaboration ProgrammesforCo-operation in the Research, Development, and Deploymentof Wind Energy Systemsand forPhotovoltaic Power Systems 16. WIND/PV INTEGRATION STUDIES 3rdEDITION, 2024 Edited by:Hannele Holttinen, Recognis Oy,andNiina Helistö,VTTTechnical Research Centreof Finland(VTT) With contributions by: •Madeleine McPherson, University of Victoria, Canada•Nicolaos Cutululis,Matti Koivisto, Technical University of Denmark(DTU);Antje Orths,Energinet, Denmark•Juha Kiviluoma,Technical Research Centreof Finland(VTT), Finland•Emmanuel Neau,Électricité de France(EdF); Thomas Heggarty,Réseau de Transportd'Électricité(RTE),France•Jan Dobschinski,Denis Mende,MarkusKraiczy, FraunhoferInstitute for Energy EconomicsandEnergySystemTechnology(IEE),GerdHeilscher(Technische Hochschule Ulm),Germany•Damian Flynn,Hamed Heydari-Doostabad,University College Dublin(UCD), Ireland•Enrico Maria Carlini, Terna,Italy•JoseLuisRueda Torres,Delft University of Technology(TUDelft);Germán Morales-España,NetherlandsOrganisationforAppliedScientificResearch(TNO),DelftUniversityofTechnology (TUDelft),TheNetherlands•Magnus Korpås,NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology(NTNU),Norway•Ana Estanqueiro,Antonio Couto,National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG),Portugal•Lennart Söder,Henrik Nordström,Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh,KTH Royal Institute ofTechnology(KTH), Sweden•Bethany Frew,Barry Mather,National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL);DebraLew,Julija Matevosyan,Energy Systems Integration Group(ESIG),Aidan Tuohy (EPRI),UnitedStates of America(USA). And review by:Silvia Moroni,Corrado Gadaleta,Terna, Italy;Julien Cabrol,Norwegian WaterResources and EnergyDirectorate(NVE), Norway;Jian Fu,U.S. Department of Energy(DOE),Vahan Gevorgianm National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),Justin Sharp, (EPRI),UnitedStates ofAmerica;Sumanth Yamujala,Technical University of Denmark(DTU), Denmark; EldrichRebello,Natural Resources Canada(NRCan),Abbas Rabiee University of Laval,Canada. Foreword The International Energy Agency(IEA)Technology Collaboration Programmesfor Co-operationin the Research, Development,and Deployment of Wind Energy Systems (IEA Wind) andPhotovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) are vehicles for member countries toexchange information on the planning and execution of national, large-scale wind and solar energyprojects and to undertake co-operative research and development projects called Tasks. As a final result of research carried out in the IEA Wind TCP Tasks, Recommended Practices,Best Practices, or Expert Group Reports may be issued. These documents have been developedand reviewed by experts in the specialized area they address. They have been reviewed andapproved by participants in the research Task, and they have been reviewed and approved by theIEA Wind Executive Committee as useful guidelines for the development and deployment of windenergy systems. Use of these documents is completely voluntary. However, these documents areoften adopted in part or in total by other standards-making bodies. A Recommended Practices document includes actions and procedures recommended by theexperts involved in the researchTasks. A Best Practices document includes suggested actions andprocedures based on good industry practices collected during the research project. An ExpertsGroup Report includes the latest background information on the topic as well as a survey ofpractices,where possible. Previously issued IEA Wind Recommended Practices, Best Practices, and Expert Group Reportscan be found atwww.ieawind.org. Thisthirdedition of Recommended Practices 16 is a collaboration with IEA PVPS and IEA WindTCP Tasks on grid integration. This edition updates recommendations for windand solarintegration studies, Edition 2,to includerecommendations for highershares of wind and solar PVin the energy systems and toreflect recent findings in data and methods in use. Preface This Expert Group Report provides recommendations on how to perform studies of wind and solarphotovoltaic(PV)integration. It is based on more than 15years of work within the InternationalEnergy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25: Designand Operation ofEnergySystems with Large Amounts ofVariableGenerationand the IEAPhotovoltaic Power System Programme (PVPS) TCP)Task 14: High Penetration of PV Systemsin Electricity Grids. The report is issued as an IEA Wind TCP Recommended Practicesdocument to provide researchinstitutes, consultants, and system operators with the best available information on how to performan integration study.An integration study seeks to find issuesinenergy systems, as well asmitigation measures,foraccom