阿富汗城市道路安全设计指南

Road Safety DesignGuidelines for Afghan Cities People Friendly Streets in AfghanistanCopyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) 2024 All rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) Principal Authors:Jordi Bosch Pla, Ximena Manchego Rosado, Luh PandyaningrumContributors:Balaji Rajkumar, Hasaun Shahir, Sadatullah Hamkar, Zameer FarooqiArt and Design:Ximena Manchego Rosado P.O. Box 30030 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYATel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office)www.unhabitat.orgHS/1026/12 E Disclaimer:The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what-soever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any county, territory, city or area or its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reprodu-ced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of theUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations and its member states. Cover and Back Cover Image:Kabul, Afghanistan. Qasim Mirzaie, 2023. Table of Content Street Elements for Safety06 Purpose and Scope01 Road Safety for an UrbanFuture02 Current Road Safety Situationin Afghan Cities07 Designing for Safety03 National Case Studies08 International Best Practices09 Network Design Principles04 References10 Traffic Calming Measures05 Purpose andScope01 This publication provides comprehensive recommen-dations for designing safer urban streets tailored to thecontext of Afghan cities. It outlines essential principlesthat can be adapted to enhance road safety and su-pport sustainable mobility in the urban context. Drawingfrom both international best practices and a thoroughanalysis of local urban conditions, this publication aimsto address current safety challenges while promotingsafer, more accessible, and vibrant streetscapes. Thispublication is not a technical document for dimensioningand construction. International organisations have alre-ady elaborated these guides, such as the Urban StreetDesign Guide developed by NACTO. This publication isconstrained to the Afghan context will serve as a resour-ce for Afghan city planners, engineers, and policymakersguiding the development of resilient and inclusive urbanenvironments throughout Afghanistan. The recommen-dations made in this document build upon the alreadyexisting documents developed by MUHD and Sasaki(2022) for various Afghan cities. Road Safety for anUrban Future02 Streets are among the most valuable as-sets in cities, serving not only as corridorsfor movement but as vibrant spaces forsocial interaction, commerce, and leisure.They are fundamental to the urban expe-rience, influencing the quality of life andshaping how residents connect, conductbusiness, and engage with their commu-nities. Unlike intercity roads, which focuson speed and efficiency, urban streetsrequire a balanced approach to ensuresafety and accessibility for all users andactivities. substantial property damage, and resultin productivity losses due to disability orloss of life. The estimated economic costof road crashes in the country is, accor-ding to WHO, around 5% of its GDP. Thisunderscores the need for effective roadsafety measures, not only as a health andsafety priority but as a crucial element ofeconomic development. Effective urban street design must prio-ritize the protection of pedestrians andcyclists, improve the efficiency of publictransport, and optimize road space use.This comprehensive approach not onlyenhances safety but also drives economicgrowth, making urban environments moreresilient and vibrant. Addressing roadsafety is essential for the future sustaina-bility and prosperity of Afghan cities. In Afghanistan, rapid urbanization, ina-dequate infrastructure, and insufficientenforcement exacerbate road safetyissues, and the economic implicationsare significant. They impose heavy bur-dens on the healthcare system, lead to Designing for Safety03 sures in place to protect the most vulnerable. By prioritising public tran-sit, enhancing walkability, and promoting alternative forms of transport,Afghan cities can accommodate growth while fostering safer and moresustainable urban environments. The recommendations of this publicationare guided by four key principles that form the foundation of safer streetdesign. As Afghan cities continue to expand, the only way to accommodatealways a higher demand for mobility, without increasing the traffic volu-mes and congestion, is to change the car-centric approach into a moresustainable system. At city level, street networks must be planned for pe-destrians and cyclists, and public transport, instead of the private vehicles,as the backbone for an efficient and resilient transport system. Streetsshould be designed to serve