ICC脉搏调查2025：企业对美国新关税的反应

ICC Pulse Survey 2025Businessreactionsto newU.S.tariffs Table of Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................................................................3Noteworthy........................................................................................................................................................................3Information on respondents........................................................................................................................................42Aprilannouncement:new U.S. tariffs spark concern.......................................................................................5Biggest concerns related to the new tariff measures.........................................................................................7Outlook for the next 6–12 months..............................................................................................................................8 The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) conducted a rapid surveyfrom3Aprilto11April2025of its global business network to assess the impact of newly announced U.S. tariff measures.Thesurvey gathered insights from 448 respondents across 68 countries, representing a diverserange of company sizes and sectors. The findings highlight widespread concern amongbusinesses regarding rising costs, supply chain uncertainty, and the potential fortrade retaliation. Executive Summary •The April 2025 ICC Pulse Survey reveals strong concern among businesses worldwide followingthe announcement of new U.S. tariff measures on2April2025. Sixty percent of respondentsviewed the announcement negatively, with worriescenteredon rising costs, disrupted supplychains, and retaliatory trade actions.•While expected sectors such as manufacturing and agriculture anticipate direct impacts, thefindings also highlight unexpectedly high concern among service-oriented sectors likeaccommodation and food services—pointing to potential indirect or knock-on effects of thetariffs.•Survey responses from 68 countries show a growing sense of uncertainty: three in tenbusinesses now report a more pessimistic outlook, and four in ten say they are more cautiousabout the next 6–12 months.•The risk perception gap between small and large businesses is striking, particularly regardingpotential trade retaliation, with large enterprises (50%) being significantly more concernedthan smaller businesses (25-35%).•These findings suggest the tariffs are not only perceived as a threat to global trade flows butare also compounding broader planning challenges faced by businesses. The private sector iscalling for predictability, coordination, and mechanisms to de-escalate trade tensions beforethey ripple further through supply chains and markets. Noteworthy •Accommodation and food services sectorfeels theimpact of tariffs.Over half of respondentsin this sector reported a significantly negative outlook in response to the U.S. tariff measures—an unexpected result for a sector not typically involved in cross-border goods trade.This mayreflect downstream effects on tourismorimported inputs (e.g., food, kitchen equipment). •Tariffstriggermixedregionalreactions.The negative impact of new U.S. tariff measures isbeingfelt across all regions. However, businesses in East Asiareport beingparticularlyaffected. In contrast, businesses in the Middle East and North Africa feel less exposed,whilethose inSub-SaharanAfricaremain uncertain.•Uniformimpact—butdifferentriskperceptions bysize.The new U.S. tariffs are reported tohave nearly the same level of impact across companies regardless of size. However, largerfirms are more likely to flag concerns about rising costs and global supply chain disruptions,with 50% of large businesses concerned about retaliatory actions compared to only 25-35% ofsmaller businesses. This significant perception gap suggests smaller businesses appear eitherless exposed or less immediately aware of downstream risks. This couldindicate a potentialblind spot for SMEs that may be unprepared for second-order effects. Information on respondents •The survey wasshared withtheICCglobalnetwork of businesses and chambersand receiveda total of 448 responsesacross 68 countries. These responses include input from business andchamber executives, with SMEs accounting for56% of respondents and large enterprisesrepresenting42%of the sample. •The surveygathered responses from68 countries, with thehighest numbers coming fromTurkiye (99), Germany (60), Italy (38), Tunisia (27), and South Africa (22). Most respondents arelocated in Europe and Central Asia (59%), Sub-Saharan Africa (14%), and the Middle East andNorth Africa (9%). Approximately40% of respondentsarefrom the manufacturing sector, 10% from real estate,rental, and business activities, and 8% from retail and wholesale trade. 2Aprilannouncement:new U.S. tariffs spark concern •On2April 2025, the U.S. admin