生物多样性如何帮助非洲实现可持续增长

About FSD Africa and the African Natural Capital Alliance (ANCA)FSD Africa carried out this joint research to support the work of the African Natural Capital Alliance (ANCA). ANCA is anAfrican-led collaborative forum for mobilising the financial community’s response to the risk of nature loss in Africa which isbeing supported by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the United Kingdom’s Department forEnvironment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra). As underlined in the sixth report of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),African countries are among the most vulnerableto climate change and have the least capacity torespond to climate risks and to climate-relateddisasters. This vulnerability is compounded byAfrica’s exposure to external economic shocks.This report aims to strengthen Africa’s resilience byproposing opportunities to redefine the continent’seconomic model to sufficiently leverage its naturalcapital, and by helping to redesign Africa’s financialsystem so that critically needed investments can bemade in nature, climate resilience, and associatedopportunities to improve livelihoods. Such changesare needed because over 60 percent of Africa’spopulation directly depend on ecosystem services,naturally occurring services that benefit humans,such as the provision of food and water, for theiressential needs and livelihoods.Perhaps more than in any other region, successfulstrategies to advance Africa’s SustainableDevelopment Goals will require significant nature-positive investments, that is, investments whichsupport net additions to the natural capital uponthat not which people rely for services. Such nature-positive investments could have a three-fold returnon investment – namely, a financial, environmental,and social return. First, recent studies by the UnitedNations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)have confirmed that nature-based solutions toclimate change – such as rehabilitating wetlandsForeword and mangroves, as well as sustainably managingforest resources – can yield a high return oninvestment. Second, nature-positive investments bydefinition strengthen the natural environment andimprove the provision of natural ecosystem servicesand often add to Africa’s contribution to climatechange mitigation. Third, these strategies canalso contribute significantly to livelihoods, throughenhanced food and fibre production and relatedmanufacturing. In particular, a high proportion of theAfrican population directly depend on sectors thatare highly dependent on nature for their income andsustenance, and it is these individuals that mightbenefit the most.Tapping into this opportunity requires collaborationbetween governments, development partners, andthe private financial sector. That is because natureis relevant to nearly all sectors of the economy andreversing nature loss will require the definition ofnew products and markets, as well as substantialnet investment. We look forward to working with allpartners to develop this opportunity to its fullest –to deliver growth and resilience, both globally andlocally.Jean-Paul AdamDirector, Technology, Climate Change andNatural Resource Management DivisionUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA) This report draws on joint research carried out between FSD Africa and Vivid Economics by McKinsey.This work is independent, reflects the views of the authors, and has not been influenced by any business,government, or other institution.The authors would like to thank the United Kingdom's (UK) Department for Environment, Food and RuralAffairs (DEFRA) for their support of this effort. The authors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable time andexpertise the African Natural Capital Alliance (ANCA), UN Economic Commission for Africa contributed tothe project steering group, and the willingness of the Bank of Zambia, FirstRand, Kenya Commercial Bank(KCB), Mauritius Commercial Bank (MCB), Sanlam, and Ecobank to engage generously. Vivid Economicswould also like to acknowledge its partners’ contributions to the NatuRisk Toolkit; these partners includethe Natural History Museum of London, and Neural Alpha.This work is only possible because of the work that others have carried out before, especially the Taskforceon Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) and the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures(TCFD), as well as the work of financial supervisors, standard setters, and thought leaders in developingapproaches to assess climate- and nature-related risks. These include the Bank of England, the EuropeanCentral Bank, De Nederlandsche Bank, Banque de France, the Network of Central Banks and Supervisorsfor Greening the Financial System (NGFS), the Finance for Biodiversity Initiative, and the GlobalReporting Initiative.AcknowledgementsNature and financial institutions in Africa: A first assessment of opportunities and risks Executivesummary ContextThis report applies, for the first time, aquantitative risk assessment and st