定义数字银行未来的五大新兴趋势

CONTENTSExecutive summary1. Global digital banking development overview1.1. What is digital banking?1.2. How did digital banks rise?1.3. How has digital banking development varied across regions?2. Leading digital banking practices2.1. What are leading digital banks thinking about?2.2. What are leading digital banks doing?3. The future of digital banks 312131428 447 © Oliver WymanEXECUTIVE SUMMARYDigital banks, also known as virtual or online banks, have emerged over the past decade asa new type of bank to address the limitations of traditional banking. Essentially, digital banksleverage financial technology (“fintech”) to offer core banking services such as deposits,loans, and transfers through online channels.Over the past decade, the number and scale of digital banks worldwide have grownrapidly. The entry of new digital banks peaked around 2019. Since then, digital banks havecontinued to grow rapidly within the overall banking industry in terms of their customerbase, asset size, revenue, and market share. This has been driven by improvements in keyinfrastructure such as cloud computing and mobile internet accessibility. The COVID-19pandemic has also accelerated their growth. Furthermore, digital banks have playeda significant role in promoting financial inclusion by providing banking services tounderserved populations. This is particularly relevant in developing markets, wheredigital banks provide small-amount financial products conveniently and with reasonablefees to individuals and smallbusinesses.Digital banks began to emerge around the world between 2009 and 2014. Driven byfintech advancements and regulatory support, the early waves of their developmenttook place in Europe and North America. Digital banks have also developed rapidly inAsia and South America thanks to large populations and strong demand from individualsand businesses with limited access to traditional banking services. The digital bankingmodel has proven successful across various regions. Whether in developed or developingmarkets, digital banks have shown their unique value to the financial services industry.Notably, digital-native banks in Asia achieved profitability shortly after their establishmentand have maintained robust growth and profitability, showing strong capabilities intechnological innovation and commercial operation.Leading digital banks worldwide have taken diverse paths in their development due todifferences in market environments, resource endowments, and business strategies.However, in recent years, they have been considering similar ideas for their continueddevelopment, and each has made various efforts and explorations in this regard,including:•Improving profitability and building a sustainable business model:As digital bankingenters its second decade of development, the competition in commercialization is nolonger driven by the favor of capital markets. Instead, digital banks have entered a stagewhere they can improve profitability by leveraging economies of scale. Digital banksfocusing on large-scale retail customers are continuously improving their technology andoperational capabilities for better profitability per customer. Meanwhile, those focusingon niche markets are deepening their understanding of customer needs and risks tofurther optimize their product offerings and riskmanagement. © Oliver Wyman•Leveraging unique ecosystem resources:To improve existing business models, digitalbanks are increasingly focusing on resources within their ecosystem. Players that aredeeply embedded in a particular ecosystem are exploring opportunities to furtherleverage ecosystem data to enable precise services and enhance customer credit profiles.At the same time, they are looking to create a seamless user experience that perfectly fitsinto different scenarios within theecosystem.•Diversifying business lines:Leading digital banks are exploring diversified businesslines and revenue streams beyond their existing financial services. They are activelyproductizing their capabilities and intangible assets, such as technological capabilities,operational expertise, customer resources, and data assets. Current initiatives includeoffering technology solutions, Banking as a Service (BaaS), and non-financial services toend customers.•Exploring multi-market coverage:Multi-market coverage is also a key strategic movefor leading digital banks seeking sustained growth and secure positions. Followingearlier global expansion efforts by a few pioneers, leading digital banks are nowfocusing on becoming regional champions. They aim to gradually increase their coveragein geographically closer markets, enhance economies of scale, and improveprofitability.•Participating in infrastructure development for seamless data element flow:Leadingdigital banks are also making efforts to support seamless data element flow. Theyare offering their capabilities in secure computing, privacy computing, and federatedlearning to other firms as open-source or prod