为数字时代提高警察和执法能力

© Oliver WymanWith the rapid rise of the digital age, organisations across every sector facea similar challenge — how to ensure the workforce has the necessary skillsto make best use of available technologies. Nowhere are the stakes higherthan when it comes to upskilling the very people responsible for protectingthe community and maintaining public safety by disrupting the criminalenvironment. Unfortunately, digital skills investment in the law enforcementand national security sector globally is currently well short of where it needsto be.The online environment has radically changed how criminals and malicious actors operate,giving rise to new types of crime. So-called “cyber-dependent” crimes are rapidly increasingin volume and sophistication, whether they be distributed denial-of-service attacks, the useof ransomware and malware, or phishing scams.Oliver Wyman analysis indicates that scam losses in the Five Eyes (FYES) community haveincreased significantly in recent years. For example, from 2020 to 2023 inAustralia,Canada and the United Kingdom, these losses have grown by an average of 32%, 35% and2%, respectively. This is despite an increased focus on countering these activities. Themajority of these occurrences have originated from mobile phones and social media activity.Exhibit 1: Global scam losses present an increasingly large problem for governments,private organisations and citizens alikeAustraliaScam losses as reported by each jurisdiction12020–2023, US$ millions32%CAGR2020-2023% of GDP20230.11%United KingdomCanada2%0.02%35%0.03%Total number of scam cases2haveincreased 11% year-on-year from2020-20232020202120222023040080012001600200024001.Direct comparison is challenging due to differences in reporting rates, typology and methodology — forexample,both Australia and Canada include ‘phishing’, which would be excluded from “authorized payment losses” as reportedby UKFinance.2. Scam cases are where a confirmed loss hasoccurred.Source: ACCC; Scamwatch; UK Finance; Canada Anti Fraud Centre;Statista © Oliver WymanIn response to this evolving environment, police and agency professionals need new digitaland cyber investigative skills. There is almost no crime or criminal investigation now thatdoesn't have a digital or online footprint, whilst some criminal activities are exclusivelydigital in nature. Modern investigators need the capabilities to counter modern-day hackerstargeting vulnerable individuals, large corporations with sensitive and often public data sets,and our most sensitive government entities and their information.Equally, policing and agency practices are being digitised — moving apace as part ofa broader modernisation agenda — to keep up with contemporary investigative andintelligence support systems. While much of the focus to date has been on the hardwareand software, including commercial off-the-shelf tools and bespoke case managementsolutions for investigative processes, organisations often overlook the digital skillsneeded to implement and adopt these new approaches.THE GAP IS GETTING WIDERAgencies dealing with public safety and homeland security are not alone in struggling tomeet the challenges posed by technology and digitalisation. Many other industries facesimilar challenges, however the requirement is particularly pressing for those responsiblefor protecting citizens and institutions from scammers and other cybercriminals. Datamanagement, data literacy, and analytics are arguably the most critical components ofinvestigative case work. Almost every investigation involves gathering, analysing, andpresenting data to identify, pursue, and prosecute those responsible for committing crimesor other nefarious acts. When it comes to investing in these fundamental digital capabilities,organisations could be doing a lot more.As an example, the veracity of evidence relies on an unimpeachable data chain, howevertoday, many law enforcement agencies globally still rely on manual notetaking practicesto record events and incidents. It is not uncommon for different divisions or areas withinan organisation to collect covert and overt information on the same persons of interestvia different operational activities. Further compounding this duplication and confusionis that the analytical tools to search these segregated data sets are often not fit-for-purpose for timely investigative and leadership decision-making, presenting risks tooperational objectives.Through our global experience, we are seeing a perception gap between the capabilities andexpectations of the different stakeholders. There are the courts, who demand the highestdegree of evidential management. Then there are the agencies themselves, who expect thattheir data holdings have been assessed as part of any investigative process. Finally, there isthe broader public, who often assume practices are as advanced and automated as thosethey see on the CSI television franchise and other fictionalshows. © Oliver WymanWhile many agencies struggle