生命科学创新可以减少气候对健康的影响

DisclaimerThis document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. ContentsForewordExecutive summary1 Preparing for the climate-induced health crisis1.1 Quantifying the impact of future climate events onpublic health1.2 Implications for population health and well-being, includingglobal economic impact2 The potential to mitigate the health and economic impacts ofclimate change2.1 Assessing the health and economic impacts ofinterventions2.2 The potential to reduce climate’s impact on health by 20502.3 Mitigation strategies for health and economic impacts –by diseases3 Unlocking innovation across life sciences and technology3.1 Pivotal role of life sciences innovators in climate andhealth solutions3.2 Level of investment needed and estimated returns3.3 Overcoming roadblocks that hinder development of newclimate and health solutions3.4 Life sciences innovation for health systems resilienceand equity3.5 Avenues for further research: how climate affects non-communicable diseasesConclusionAppendix: Methodology and assumptionsOverview1 Starting point: highest burden climate-induced diseases2 Prioritization of unmet medical needs by disease3 Building investment cases for how to address unmet medicalneeds and produce step-change impact reductionsContributorsEndnotes 456679911132121222228303132323334354041Healthcare in a Changing Climate:Investing in Resilient Solutions ForewordClimate change is a health emergency. We are ontrack for a world that is more than 2ºC warmer thantoday. This will result in an increased frequencyof climate events including floods, droughts,heatwaves, wildfires and tropical storms, as wellas longer-term changes such as saltwater intrusionfrom rising sea levels.These manifestations will have a profound impacton people’s health – with an estimated additional14.5 million deaths and $12.5 trillion in economiccosts between today and 2050. Vulnerablepopulations – the least responsible for the climatecrisis – will bear the brunt of the consequences,primarily in less economically developed economies.We need strong mitigation efforts to avoid themost severe impacts of climate change on nature,the economy and people. However, mitigationalone is not enough. The World Economic Forum’sClimate and Health Initiative focuses on makinghealthcare systems more resilient and adaptableto the impacts of climate change. In this report, weShyam BishenHead, Centre for Healthand Healthcare; Member ofthe Executive Committee,World Economic Forum focus on three key pillars – building the evidencefor change, advocating for more resilient healthcaresystems and incentivizing action.We also illustrate solutions to prevent the mostnegative consequences of the impending climatecrisis and look at opportunities in which thelife sciences industry can play a pivotal role.The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated thatcollaboration among policy-makers, industryleaders, academics and civil society can producesolutions that can be deployed rapidly and at scale.The lessons learned from this shock will need tobe replicated and amplified to combat the healthRegardless of the solutions, health systems and lifesciences innovations need to be mobilized with greaturgency, as does the capital required to developa new portfolio of climate-related products andservices. We are confident that the ideas presentedthrough this analysis will inspire leaders to take thedecisive, timely and collaborative actions needed.Terry StoneGlobal Leader of Health andLife Sciences, Oliver WymanHealthcare in a Changing Climate:Investing in Resilient Solutions impact of climate change.4 Executive summaryClimate change is already causing global publichealth challenges. Drought in eastern Africa hasaffected more than 10 million people.1Hurricanes inthe southern United States have left hundreds deadand thousands homeless.2,3Mosquitoes are nowspreading dengue fever in record numbers beyondtheir usual geographic range.4,5The World Economic Forum’s January 2024 reportQuantifying the Impact of Climate Change onHuman Health,6assessed the health and economicimpacts of weather events aggravated by globalwarming, such as flooding, drought, tropical stormsand rising sea levels. By 2050, these impacts areprojected to cause an additional 14.5 million deathsand cost the global economy $12.5 trillion. On anannual basis, the losses are comparable to thegross domestic product of Singapore.This report looks at the me