经合组织衡量无家可归者的监测框架

This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and argumentsemployed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitationof international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data bythe OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank underthe terms of international law. Note by the Republic of TürkiyeThe information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus(TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its positionconcerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. The information in thisdocument relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. © OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept tobe bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution– you must cite the work. Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: In the event of anydiscrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD.The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views ofthe OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsiblefor obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses youruse of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword TheOECD MonitoringFrameworktoMeasureHomelessnessisoneofthreecore outputs–along with aset ofCountryNoteson Homelessness Dataand theOECD Toolkit to Combat Homelessness–to helpgovernmentsimprove how theymeasure and develop public policiestoaddresshomelessness. Developedwithsupport from the European Commission,this work contributes to the European Platform onCombatting Homelessness (EPOCH),established inthe Lisbon Declaration on the European Platform onCombattingHomelessness in 2021,which commits EU member states to work towards endinghomelessness by2030through a person-centred, housing-led and integrated approach. Asarange of methodological challenges complicate the measurement of the extent of homelessness, it ishard forpolicy makers to develop evidence-based policy solutions.This paper discusses measurementchallenges andaims to address them by advancing understanding, assessment and comparison ofhomelessness in OECD andEUcountries. Thispaperwas prepared by the housing team in the OECD Social Policy Division of the Employment,Labour and Social Affairs Directorate (ELS), under the leadership of Stefano Scarpetta (Director), MarkPearson (Deputy Director), and Monika Queisser (Senior Counsellor and Head of the Social PolicyDivision). The OECD Secretariat gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Directorate Generalfor Employment, Social Affairs andInclusion of the European Commission. Table ofcontents Foreword3 Executive summary 6 1 Defining and measuring homelessness in a cross-national context8 The complex, dynamic nature of homelessness9Absence of a harmonised statistical definition10Statistics derived from a range of data collection approaches14Differences in periodicity, geographic coverage14 2 Collecting homelessness data: Strengths and limits to common approaches16 What are the most common approaches to collect homelessness data in OECD andEUcountries?16Who is often underreported in official homelessness statistics?22Annex 2.A. Fact sheets: Homelessness data collection approaches29 3 Strength