衡量适应气候变化的进展：经合组织国家的见解

Measuring Progressin Adapting to a ChangingClimateINSIGHTS FROM OECD COUNTRIES This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TürkiyeThe information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.Please cite this publication as:OECD (2024),Measuring Progress in Adapting to a Changing Climate: Insights from OECD countries, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/8cfe45af-en.ISBN 978-92-64-44905-3 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-64034-4 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-56223-3 (HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-43127-0 (epub)Photo credits:Cover © faithie/shutterstock.com.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.© OECD 2024The use of this work, whether digital or print, is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions. MEASURING PROGRESS IN ADAPTING TO A CHANGING CLIMATE: INSIGHTS FROM OECD COUNTRIES © OECD 2024ForewordDespite the continued rise in temperatures, record-breaking heatwaves, and the devastating droughts,fires and floods around the world, adaptation to climate change is not happening at the speed and scaleneeded to protect humans, nature and livelihoods. The 2022 IPCC 6th Assessment and the 2023 UNEnvironment Programme Adaptation Gap reports warned that the adaptation finance gap is widening andthat the pace of planning and implementation of adaptation efforts must accelerate in light of futureexpected climate impacts.There are, however, encouraging signs that momentum is building. The 2023 United Arab EmiratesFramework for Global Climate Resilience reflects the international community’s intention to strengthenadaptation action, in line with what the Paris Agreement set out to do. The Framework’s establishment ofglobal objectives and targets to guide adaptation efforts in all countries promises to be a step-change. Atthe national level, too, countriesneed to better understand whether they are advancing at the pace neededto build climate resilience and make informed decisions on how to bridge adaptation gaps effectively. Beingable to demonstrate tangible adaptation progress will increase transparencyand accountability and mayalso help to give adaptation the political momentum it has long needed.This report contributes to ongoing discussions on measuring adaptation progress at the national level, bytaking stockof how OECD member countries,and several partner countries,are advancing withmeasurement and monitoring. While it highlights that much work still remains to be done to demonstrateprogress comprehensively, the good news is that all OECD countries have adopted national adaptationpolicies and most have set up mechanisms to measure their implementation progress at sectoral andsubnational levels. However, a varied set of indicators is needed to grasp the diverse sources and driversof climate risks and impacts, as well as to reflect progressappropriately. The data requirements aresignificant, and include complex scientific information on hazards, as well as a diversity of demographic,economic and ecosystem data, to name just a few. Harmonising and aggregating information from differentdataowners and levels is particularly challenging, as is demonstrating clear links between actions andclimate change resilience building.This OECD report provides a stocktake of country efforts and reflects OECD members’ strong interest indeveloping and using indicators to measure their climate adaptation progress. The OECD is taking forwardthe results of this work to develop thematic adaptation indicators, in support of international discussionson the Global Goal on Adaptation. Through this work, the OECD will continue to assist governments indesigning measurement frameworks to strengthen the implementation of their adaptation plans. I hope thefindings in this report will serve as a re