2024年全球天然气燃烧追踪报告

JUNE 2024 Contents Foreword7Acknowledgments8Abbreviations9Key Findings11Global Perspective14Spotlight Countries19The Islamic Republic of Iran and Libya19Russia20United States22Algeria26República Bolivariana de Venezuela27Imported Flare Gas Index28Unburned Potential: Methane Emissions from Gas Flaring30Case Study—Using Satellite Data to Detect Unlit Flares32Concluding Remarks36Appendix A: Methodology40 © 2024 International Bank for Reconstructionand Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The WorldBank with external contributions. The findings,interpretations, and conclusions expressed in thiswork do not necessarily reflect the views of TheWorld Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or thegovernments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy,completeness, or currency of the data included inthis work and does not assume responsibility for anyerrors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect to the use of or failure to usethe information, methods, processes, or conclusionsset forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, andother information shown on any map in this workdo not imply any judgment on the part of The WorldBank concerning the legal status of any territory orthe endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed orconsidered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all ofwhich are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, inwhole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as longas full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, includingsubsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW,Washington, DC 20433,USA Fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover Photo: eleonimages / ShutterstockUsed with the permission.Further permission required for reuse. Figures Figure 1Flare volumes in the top 30 flaring countries, in order of 2023 flare volume with the top 9 flaring countries11indicated, 2019–23Figure 2Flaring intensity in the top 30 flaring countries from 2019 to 2023, with the top 9 flaring countries indicated12Figure 3Global gas flaring at upstream oil and gas facilities, and flaring intensity, 1996–202314Figure 4Global gas flaring at upstream oil and gas facilities, and oil production, 1996–202314Figure 5Flare volumes in the top 30 flaring countries (in order of 2023 flare volume)16Figure 6Flaring intensity in the top 30 flaring countries, 2019–2316Figure 7Change in flare volume across countries where it was significant, and rest of world, 2022–2317Figure 8Flare volume and flaring intensity in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2019–2319Figure 9Flare volume and flaring intensity in Libya, 2019–2319Figure 10Flare volume and flaring intensity in the Russian Federation, 2019–2320Figure 11Flare volumes by region in the Russian Federation, 2021–2320Figure 12Flare volume and flaring intensity in the United States, 2019–2322Figure 13Flare volumes in the Permian, Eagle Ford, and Bakken regions, and the rest of the United States23Figure 14Flaring intensity in the Permian, Eagle Ford, and Bakken regions, and the rest of the United States23Figure 15Monthly flare volumes and flaring intensity in the US Permian region, 202324Figure 16Flare volume and flaring intensity in Algeria, 2019–2326Figure 17Change in flare volume split between Hassi Messaoud and the rest of Algeria, 2020–2326Figure 18Flare volume and flaring intensity in República Bolivariana de Venezuela, 2019–2327Figure 19Change in flare volume, split between Monagas State and the rest of República Bolivariana27de Venezuela, 2022–23Figure 20Imported Flare Gas Index of UNFCCC Annex 1 countries with a breakdown of countries of origin28Figure 21Imported Flare Gas versus volume of crude oil imported for countries importing more than 250 kbbl/d29Figure 22Change in Imported Flare Gas Index of UNFCCC Annex 1 countries, 2022–2329Figure 23Greenhouse gas emissions arising from the 148 bcm of gas flared in 2023, comparing the 98 percent31conventional assumption with a range of effective destruction efficiency scenarios Figure 24High-resolution satellite image of an unnamed facility in Central Asia showing a lit flare stack32Figure 25Methane detections at the facility, with a cluster around the location of the flare stack32Figure 26Time series of VIIRS flaring detections at the facility, cross-referenced with Sentinel 2 and33Landsat 8/9 detections of flaringFigure 27One of many methane plumes originating from the flare stack, detected by Sentinel 2 on33November 25, 2022Figure 28Time series of VIIRS flaring detections at the facility cross-referenced with Sentinel 2 and3