App欺诈对跨境支付的影响

The impact of APP fraud oncross-border payments Contents Foreword..................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 7Criminals are exploiting the interoperability gaps..................................................................8 Understanding the criminal opportunity of cross-border payments.................................... 10Payment “Camouflaging”.......................................................................................................12 Challenges for the payments ecosystem................................................................................. 16 Speed of Transactions.............................................................................................................16Regulatory environment..........................................................................................................18Broader than financial services...............................................................................................20Lack of global standards.........................................................................................................21Data sharing limitations..........................................................................................................22The rise of cryptocurrency.......................................................................................................24 Opportunities to combat cross-border APP fraud................................................................. 25 Leveraging technology............................................................................................................25Tokenisation.............................................................................................................................27Collaboration...........................................................................................................................29Australia: A case study............................................................................................................30 Combating cross-border APP fraud: a call for global collaborationand technological innovation................................................................................................... 33 Contributors.............................................................................................................................. 35 Cross-border payments working group.................................................................................. 36 Foreword This whitepaper tackles one of the messiest and most controversialconsequences of near-instant cross-border payments: Authorised PushPayment (APP) fraud. The researcher and author, Dr. NicolaHarding, is an expert criminologist and isnoted for her unusual and highly valuablereal-world research techniques (I won’tsay more, you’ll need to check out herwork) as well as interview subjects. Forthis piece, she interviewed a wide range ofprofessionals from vastly different positionsin the ecosystem and at different stagesin their experiences with APP fraud. Thesedifferences are important to keep in mind –views are diverse and provide texture, moreso than a unanimous way forward. Regarding regulators, here are twothoughts: It’s not practical to expect regulatorsfrom around the world to align onhow to solve this problem. However,when there’s evidence and reasonablesuspicion of a citizen perpetrating fraud,regulators should exempt the suspectfrom data protection in the contextof the foreign investigation so thatpersonal and transaction details can beshared to assist in the investigation.When there’s a pattern of fraud orsuspected fraud from a particularinstitution, local regulators should morequickly intervene and investigate. I’ll continue this theme by sharing a fewof my views here, and again, these aremy views – not those of The PaymentsAssociation or Nicola to get you started. Regarding consumers, we can’t ignorepersonal accountability. No matter howeffective the tech, or warnings – we ashumans sometimes make terrible decisionswith our money – and we should beaccountable if funds can’t be recovered. Regarding banks, EMIs and other regulatedentities, here are three thoughts: More creative, hard-hitting andfresh techniques are needed to warncustomers of these scams.The industry should embrace new,purpose-built software to identify andprevent APP fraud as well as contributedata to a shared repository for others toaccess.When a foreign bandit opens anaccount or a wallet with a domesticregulated entity to access the domesticpayment network and commit fraud,a large share of the financial burdenshould be the responsibility of the entitythat gave the shady foreign entity orperson access to the domestic paymentnetwork. There you ha