中国区域内虚拟电厂发展现状

Virtual Power Plant in China：State of the Art 中国电力科学研究院 2023. 9 一发展背景IDevelopment Background “双碳”目标推动系统电源结构与负荷特性加速转变，电网尖峰负荷屡创新高、峰谷差持续拉大，给电网平衡、电力保供和带来巨大挑战，据测算到2025年电力系统调节资源将达5.6亿千瓦。分布式资源以聚合虚拟电厂形式参与电网互动调节是发展新型电力系统的必然选择，也是国家“十四五”现代能源体系规划的重要内容。 The”Dual-carbon"goalsaredrivingarapidtransformationinthepowersupplystructureandloadcharacteristicsofthesystem,leadingtofrequentpeaksinelectricitydemandandawideninggapbetweenpeakandoff-peakperiodsinthepowergrid.Thisposessignificantchallengesforgridbalanceandensuringareliablepowersupply.Accordingtoestimates,theregulatoryresourcesofthepowersystemwillreach560GWby2025.InvolvingdistributedresourcesintheformofaggregatedvirtualpowerplantsingridinteractionandregulationisnotonlyaninevitablechoicefordevelopinganewtypeofpowersystembutalsoacrucialcomponentofChina's"14thFive-YearPlan"formodernizingtheenergysystem.321 落实国家双碳目标要求，支撑新型电力系统建设To implement the national dual-carbon objectives and supportthe construction of a new typeof power system. 丰富电网灵活性调节资源，提高电网平衡调节能力。Enhancing the flexibility of thepower grid regulation resourcesto improve grid balance andregulation capabilities. 缓解局部电网供需矛盾，保障清洁能源安全有序消纳Mitigate local grid supply-demand conflicts and ensure thesafe and orderly integration ofclean energy sources. 电网灵活性调节资源需求预测 一发展背景-政策要求IDevelopment Background-Policy requirements 为深入贯彻党中央“双碳”重大战略部署，国务院会同各部委陆续颁布了相关规划方案，要求以数字化、智能化技术助力源网荷储智慧融合发展。“云大物移智链边”等数智化技术在源网荷储各侧逐步融合应用，推动传统电力配置方式由部分感知、单向控制、计划为主向高度感知、双向互动、智能高效转变。 Inordertofurtherimplementthemajor"dual-carbon"strategicdeploymentoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,theStateCouncil,inconjunctionwithvariousministriesandcommissions,hassuccessivelyissuedrelatedplanningschemes,requiringtheuseofdigitalandintelligenttechnologiestosupportthesmartintegrationofenergysources,grids,loads,andstorage.Digitaltechnologiessuchas"cloudcomputing,big data,Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,and blockchain"are gradually beingintegratedandappliedacrosstheentireenergysupplychain,promotingthetransformationofthetraditionalpowerconfigurationfrompartialperception,one-waycontrol,andplanning-orientedtohighlyperceptual,bidirectionalinteractive,andintelligentefficiency-oriented. 一发展背景-国内发展历程IDevelopment Background-Domestic Development 政策方面，国家层面尚未出台虚拟电厂专项政策，省市层面，山西、上海、宁夏、山东济南、广东广州、广东深圳出台了虚拟电厂专项政策，对虚拟电厂设计建设、参与交易、资金支持等多方面进行了引导和规范。 Intermsofpolice,therehasn‘tbeenaspecificnationalpolicyforVPPyet.Attheprovincialandmunicipallevels,however,provincesandcitiessuchasShanxi,Shanghai,Ningxia,JinaninShandong,GuangzhouinGuangdong,andShenzheninGuangdonghaveintroduceddedicatedpoliciesforVPP.ThesepoliciesprovideguidanceandregulationsonvariousaspectsofVPPdesign,construction,participationintransactions,andfinancialsupport. 市场机制方面，虚拟电厂作为新兴市场主体纳入规划，可参与现货市场交易、辅助服务市场交易及需求响应市场交易，参与不同市场时按照具体市场规则执行。 Intermsofmarketmechanisms,VPPasemergingmarketentities,areincludedintheplanningandcanparticipateinspotmarkettrading,ancillaryservicesmarkettrading,anddemandresponsemarkettrading.Whenparticipatingindifferentmarkets,theyaresubjecttospecificmarketrulesandregulations. 国 家 发 改 委、能 源 局 印 发《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》，提出开展虚拟电厂示范。 国网上海电力启动“城市公共建筑群虚拟电厂聚合调控关键技术研究及应用”项目。 虚拟电厂标准获国际电工委员会（IEC）批准立项。 上海建成黄浦区商业建筑虚拟电厂示范工程。 一发展背景-国内研究进展与案例IDevelopment Background-Domestic Research Progress and Case Studies 实施模式Implementation Model 盈利模式Profit Model 尚未形成成熟的成套解决方案，虚拟电厂项目基本处于前期试点研究阶段。近年来，江苏、上海、河北、广东等地相继开展了虚拟电厂的试点，聚合资源主要偏重于可调节负荷。Maturecomprehensivesolutionshavenotyetbeen 目前以参与需求响应邀约、调峰、调频、容量备用辅助服务交易为主要收益来源，部分虚拟电厂具备峰谷套利能力，还可作为综合能源服务商通过为用户提供能源托管等服务获益。TheprimarysourcesofrevenueforVPPinclude established,and VPP projects are primarily in the early pilotresearchphase.In recent years,provinces such as Jiangsu,Shanghai,Hebei,and Guangdong have successively initiatedpilotsforVPP,withresourceaggregationprimarilyfocusingonadjustableloads. participationin demand response invitations,peak shaving,frequencyregulation,and capacity reserve ancillary servicetransactions.Some VPPs also have peak-off-peak arbitragecapabilitiesandcanserveasintegratedenergyserviceprovidersbyoffering services such as energy aggregation for users togenerateincome. 试点建设Pilot Construction 标准制定与应用Standard Development and Application 目前虚拟电厂国内外在编标准6项，其中IEC在编标准2项，国内在编标准4项（推荐性标准）。虚拟电厂还可按需采用需求侧管理、储能、分布式电源并网相关标准。 现存虚拟电厂项目与电力现货交易试点区域几乎重合，除河北冀北外，开展试点省份均在两批电力交易试点省份名单中。广东、江浙沪等经济发达地区电力交易试点较为成熟，业务基础良好。 Thereare six standards being developed for VPP bothdomesticallyand internationally,including two standards inprogressbytheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)andfourdomesticstandardsunderdevelopment(recommendedstandards).VPPs can also choose to adoptstandardsrelatedtodemand-sidemanagement,energystorage,andtheintegrationofdistributedenergyresourcesasneeded. ExistingVPPprojectsarealmostentirelyoverlappingwiththeregionswherepowerspotpilotregionareimplemented.ExceptfornorthernHebei,alltheprovincesconductingpilotsareincludedinthetwobatchesofprovincesdesignatedforpowertradingpilots.Regions with strong economiessuchasGuangdong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang