AI智能总结
Wemetwithalmost60institutionalinvestorsinpastthreeweeksinEurope,theUSandShanghai.GivenUSreciprocaltariffsannouncedon2April,investors’keydiscussionswerefocusedontariffimpacttoApple/Nvidiachain,Chinaretaliationbeneficiaries,China semislocalization,foldableiPhone,XiaomiandChinaAIdevelopment.EuropeaninvestorsaremorepositiveinChinatechwith higherinterestinAI monetization/DeepSeek impact,includinglong-termopportunitiesinAIsmartglassandAIsoftware.WealsonotethatinterestintheNvidiasupplychainandopticaltransceiversdecreasedsinceourlastglobalmarketingorAsiamarketingtrips.ForeigninvestorsapparentlyarelessconcernedontheXiaomicarcrashaccidentandagreedthatXiaomiisamongkeypickswithoutUStariffexposure.Posttechproductexemption,globalandChinainvestorsconsiderbottom-fishingApplechainwhile“chipstariffundersection232”couldbeananchorpoint,withpossibletimelineinMay. 在过去三周里,我们在欧洲、美国和上海与近60家机构投资者进行了会面。鉴于美国于4月2日宣布了对等关税,投资者主要讨论的关键问题集中在关税对苹果/英伟达产业链的影响、中国反制措施的受益方、中国半导体国产化、折叠屏iPhone、小米以及中国人工智能发展方面。欧洲投资者对中国科技更为看好,对人工智能货币化/DeepSeek的影响兴趣更高,包括人工智能智能眼镜和人工智能软件的长期机遇。我们还注意到,自上次全球或亚洲路演以来,对英伟达供应链和光模块的关注度有所下降。外国投资者显然不太担心小米汽车碰撞事故,并一致认为小米是不受美国关税影响的重点选择之一。在科技产品豁免之后,全球和中国的投资者考虑抄底苹果产业链,而“232条款下的芯片关税”可能是一个关键节点,时间可能在5月。 UStariffimpact 美国关税的影响 WebelievetherecentcorrectionhaslikelypricedincertainshipmentdeclineandASPpressureonApplechain,consideringmostiPhoneforUSmarketwillbeshippedfromIndiaandotheriOSdevicesfromVietnam.TariffimpactonNvidiachainislikelymanageableasit’slargelyUSMCA-compliant.Investorswereinterestedinhearingthesupplychain’scommentsontariffimpact.Asmostofthesupplychainbelievestariffsarepaidbythecustomer,notthem,andthecostofmade-in-USismuchhigherthanthatinChinaorotherSEAmarkets.Nearterm,theApplesupplychainshouldseepull-ineffectforQ225results,whichwouldsupportfundamentals.IfAppleproductsfinallyexempt(eitherduetoex-ChinamanufacturingorUScontentcriteria),webelievetheApplechainwillseearebound,especiallythepartofthechainthatcouldprovidesolidearningsvisibilityorenjoyspecupgradeonfoldableiPhone.WebelieveCowellhashighestearningsvisibilitygivenitssolidexecution,followedbyAAC,LensTech,DSBJ,etc.,whichbenefit fromcontentgains(VCs,foldableiPhonecontent)buthavelessvisibilityonearnings,whileEMSplayerslikeBYDandGoertekmayseeburdenfromdemandvolatilityonmanufacturingsiteallocationandincreasingoverseasexpansion. 我们认为,近期的调整可能已将苹果产业链的出货量下降和平均售价压力纳入定价考量,因为面向美国市场的大多数iPhone将从印度发货,其他iOS设备将从越南发货。关税对英伟达产业链的影响可能可控,因为其在很大程度上符合《美墨加协定》。投资者有兴趣听取供应链对关税影响的看法。由于大多数供应链企业认为关税由客户承担,而非自身,且美国制造的成本远高于中国或其他东南亚市场。短期内,苹果供应链在2025年第二季度业绩中应会出现提前拉货效应,这将支撑基本面。如果苹果产品最终获得豁免(无论是由于中国境外制造还是美国含量标准),我们认为苹果产业链将出现反弹,特别是那些能够提供可靠盈利预期或在折叠屏iPhone方面有望实现规格升级的环节。我们认为,瑞声科技凭借其稳健的执行表现出最高的盈利可见性,其次是瑞声科技、舜宇光学科技、德赛电池等,它们受益于产品含量增加(摄像头、折叠屏iPhone相关业务),但盈利的可预测性较低,而比亚迪电子和歌尔股份等电子制造服务企业可能会因制造基地分配的需求波动和海外扩张的增加而承受压力。 Chinaretaliationandsemislocalization 中国的反制措施与半导体国产化 Chinaannounceda34%retaliatorytariffonallUSimportson4Aprilandfinallyhikeditto125%(11April).WethinkChina’sretaliatorytariffswilldisadvantageUSIDMs(Intel,TXN,etc.)andbenefitChina’sdomesticmaturesemis,includinganalog(SGMicro),CIS(WillSemi),andRFFE(Maxscend).CPUisstillhardtoreplacefromlocalsupplierswhileAMDorIntel’smade-in-TSMCproductscanbeimportedwithouttariffs.Someinvestorsdoubtthelocalizationprogress,asprogressinautomotive/industrialtakestime.Weseeconsumerelectronicsaslowerhangingfruitsforreplacement,andhappening.WealsoseemanyautoOEMsqualifiedmultiplevendors,includingChinesesupplierssincethelastchipshortageperiod,yetchipreliabilityconcernorliabilityhistorydoesmatter,especiallyinhigh-endsegmentorforJVcarmakers.ManyforeigninvestorsweresurprisedaboutChina’stariffexemptionsonselectedsemiconductorshappeningsosoon,yettheybelievedecouplingisacleartrend.However,webelievekeybeneficiariesandstockpicksfavoranalog(SGMicro)andCIS(WillSemi). 中国于4月4日宣布对所有美国进口商品征收34%的报复性关税,并最终在4月11日将其提高到125%。我们认为,中国的报复性关税将对美国集成器件制造商(如英特尔、德州仪器等)不利,而有利于中国国内成熟的半导体企业,包括模拟芯片(圣邦微电子)、图像传感器芯片(韦尔半导体)和射频前端芯片(唯捷创芯)。中央处理器仍难以由本土供应商替代,而台积电代工的AMD或英特尔产品可以免税进口。一些投资者对国产化进程表示怀疑,因为汽车/工业领域的进展需要时间。我们认为消费电子是较容易实现替代的领域,且正在发生。自上次芯片短缺以来,我们也看到许多汽车原始设备制造商认证了多家供应商,包括中国供应商,但芯片可靠性问题或责任历史记录确实很重要,特别是在高端领域或合资汽车制造商方面。许多外国投资者对中国这么快就对部分半导体产品实施关税豁免感到惊讶,但他们认为脱钩是一个明显的趋势。不过,我们认为主要受益方和股票选择倾向于模拟芯片(圣邦微电子)和图像传感器芯片(韦尔半导体)。 AIchain 人工智能产业链 WenotedthatsomeglobalinvestorsexpectedtheH20bantocomelaterin2Q25,whileourchecksuggestedearlyApril,asweaddressedinourlastAsiamarketingfeedbacknote.TheH20banbroughtdownsiderisktoChinaAIcapex,giventhereisnourgencytopileupdomesticAIchips.WestartedhearingaboutbackwardadjustmenttocertainChinaCSPcapex,whileUSCSPAIdatacenterpush-outalsodragoverallsentimentinAI.GB200rampandGB300initialrampdelay are somewhat within expectations.AI diffusion rule compliance may also blur thesentimentatComputexinMay.InvestorinterestinAIchainhasdeclinedbutintheorderofopticaltransceiver>IDC>PCB,oneofthereasonscouldbechannelcheckforUSpeers.Webelieve upstream chain like PCB could see better earning support than downstream orinfrastructureplays,asdelayinserverrackdeliverycontinuestohamperdemandvisibility.VictoryGiantisthestock