欧盟：利用次国家数据实施凝聚力政策2025

USING SUBNATIONAL DATA FORTHE OPERATIONALIZATION OFTHE COHESION POLICY Funded bythe European Union Funded bythe European Union Nga Thi Viet NguyenNadia Belhaj Hassine BelghithMonica Robayo-Abril Leonardo Ramiro LucchettiRita D. CostaReena Badiani-Magnusson Translations—If you create a translation of this work, pleaseadd the following disclaimer along with the attribution: Thistranslation was not created by The World Bank and shouldnot be considered an official World Bank translation. TheWorld Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in thistranslation. © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, pleaseadd the following disclaimer along with the attribution: Thisis an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank.Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the soleresponsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation andare not endorsed by The World Bank. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank withexternal contributions. The findings, interpretations, andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflectthe views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the dataincluded in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations,and other information shown on any map in this work do notimply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerningthe legal status of any territory or the endorsement oracceptance of such boundaries. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarilyown each component of the content contained within thework. The World Bank, therefore, does not warrant thatthe use of any third-party-owned individual component orpart contained in the work will not infringe on the rightsof those third parties. The risk of claims resulting fromsuch infringement rests solely with you. If you wish toreuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility todetermine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examplesof components can include, but are not limited to, tables,figures, or images. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. BecauseThe World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, fornoncommercial purposes as long as full attribution tothis work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses,including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to WorldBank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H StreetNW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.orgmailto:pubrights@worldbank.org. CHAPTER 3 – AN EVALUATION OF GOOD PRACTICESIN SUBNATIONAL DATA PRODUCTION AND USAGE:LESSONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION AND BEYOND751. Good practice in producing subnational povertyindicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .771.1. Croatia Income-based Poverty at countyand municipality levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Technical Approach77Frequency of update80Usage801.2. Spain at-risk-of poverty at census level......811.3. Slovenia at-risk-of Poverty at regional level(NUTS 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Technical Approach83Accessibility / Dissemination85Usage862. Good practice in producing subnational socialexclusion indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .872.1. Well-being in Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Technical Approach87Accessibility/Dissemination902.2. Italy’s equitable and sustainable well-being (Bes) indicators At Local Level..........91Technical Approach92Accessibility/ Dissemination932.3. Netherlands well-being indicators atmunicipality level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Technical Approach95Dissemination104Usage1062.4. Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation.....107Technical Approach107Accessibility/Dissemination111Usage1112.5. United States MultidimensionalDeprivation Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112Technical Approach114Other small area estimations related tosocial exclusion121 Table of Contents Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9EXECUTIVE SUMMARY13INTRODUCTION251. Background.........................252. Objectives and structure of the report. . . . . . . . . .273. Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28PART 1: DIAGNOSTIC31CHAPTER 1 - DATA LANDSCAPE IN 27 EU MEMBER STATES311. Concepts of Poverty and Social Exclusion........321.1. Definition of poverty and social exclusion. . . .321.2. Poverty and social exclusion in theEuropean Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332. Main data sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373. Measuring poverty and social exclusion at thesubnational level . . . . .