直通链路测距和定位白皮书

目录 1引言....................................................................................................................................1 1.1定位技术发展现状................................................................................................31.2基于Uu口的蜂窝定位技术......................................................................................31.3基于直通链路的定位技术..........................................................................................5 2直通链路测距和定位的典型应用场景及要求...............................................................6 2.1公共安全（PublicSafety）.......................................................................................62.2车联网（V2X）.........................................................................................................62.3工业物联网场景（IIoT）..........................................................................................72.4智能家居寻物.............................................................................................................82.5物品追踪.....................................................................................................................9 3直通链路测距/测向和定位技术原理及方法................................................................11 4直通链路测距和定位物理层关键技术和挑战.............................................................15 4.1直通链路定位参考信号设计.................................................................................154.2专有资源池中的直通链路定位参考信号及信道复用........................................174.3共享资源池中的直通链路定位参考信号及信道复用........................................194.4直通链路定位参考信号的物理过程.....................................................................214.5终端测量与上报.....................................................................................................254.6用于直通链路定位参考信号的信令增强.............................................................26 5直通链路测距和定位高层关键技术和挑战.................................................................29 5.1端到端流程（包含discovery）..............................................................................295.2.SLPP信令部分.........................................................................................................305.3MAC传输调度部分..................................................................................................30 6直通链路测距和定位架构设计......................................................................................32 6.1UE-only架构.............................................................................................................326.25GC-involved架构....................................................................................................386.3RSPP及相关协议设计..............................................................................................426.4定位QoS管理..........................................................................................................45 7直通链路测距和定位频谱需求......................................................................................47 8结语..................................................................................................................................48 1引言 3GPP最早在WCDMA系统中标准化了基于小区ID的定位方法、观测到达时间差（ObservedTimeDifferenceofArrival，OTDOA）定位方法和基于上行到达时间差（UplinkTimeDifferenceofArrival，UTDOA）的定位方法。LTE系统中也对定位技术进行了研究和标准化，引入了增强小区ID（EnhancedCell-ID，E-CID）定位方法，同时也支持OTDOA和UTDOA定位方法。可以看到，3GPP所标准化的定位技术的性能在不断的提高，然而，所支持的技术无一例外的依赖于蜂窝网络的覆盖。在真实网络部署环境中，当站点部署较少时，定位精度和定位时延都可能无法满足上面提到的要求。 在R17中3GPPRAN对V2X和公共安全两个用例的定位需要进行了研究，相对于目前定位技术已经在一定程度上支持的用例，V2X和公共安全用例都增加了对相对定位精度的要求，最为重要的一点是，根据研究结论，以上针对V2X和公共安全用例的定位要求和终端所处的网络覆盖情况定位无关，也就是说无论终端在网络覆盖范围内还是在网络覆盖范围外，均需要能够满足上面的定位需求。另外，无论终端基于GNSS的定位是否可用或是否准确，也都需要能够满足这些定位要求。显然，目前的定位技术无法满足V2X和公共安全用例的定位需求。 为了支持V2X和公共安全用例中的相对定位要求，以及位于蜂窝网络外的定位需求，通过侧行链路发送的定位参考信号来获取定位信息是目前最可行的方案。本文介绍基于直通链路定位参考信号实现定位或测距的原理，以及物理层、高层以及系统架构方面所涉及的问题和相应的解决方案，并且分析了定位精度对频谱带宽的需求。 SidelinkRangingandPositioningWhitePaper SidelinkpositioningandrangingtechnologyhasbroadapplicationinthefieldsofInternetofVehicles,smarttransportation,autonomousdriving,industrialInternetofThings,smarthome,etc.Itcanprovidehigh-precision,high-reliability,low-latencypositioningservicestoimprovevehiclesafetyandtrafficefficiency.Furthermore,theUE-basedsidelinkpositioningtechnologyandthenetwork-basedcellularpositioningtechnologycanbecombinedtoproviderelativeorabsolutepositioningforterminaldevices. Thiswhitepaperintroducestherequirementsforpositioningaccuracyinvariousapplicationscenarios,andintroducespositioningandrangingmethodsthatcanbeusedforsidelink.Amongthekeytechnologiesofphysicallayerdesign,thedesignprinciplesanddesignmethodsofsidelinkpositioningreferencesignalsareintroduced,andthesignalmultiplexingandtransmissionmethodsofsidelinkindedicatedresourcepoolsandsharedresourcepoolsaregiven,aswellasthephysicallayerproceduressuchasresourceallocation,powercontrol,andcongestioncontrolofsidelinkpositioningreferencesignals.Thepositioningandrangingmethodsbasedonsidelinkdependonthemeasurement and reporting of the terminal.Therefore,the corresponding measurementquantitiesandreportingprocessesarealsointroduced.Inaddition,th