2024年财务报告

1024 ENERGIZINGFINANCE 2024 01Executive Summary0302Introduction: Background and Objectives0603Electricity Sector Insights0804Clean Cooking Sector Insights2505Case Study: Electricity3806Bangladesh4407Kenya5908Recommendations for Reducing Technical & Commercial Losses7309Annex 1: Methodology77 01 ELECTRICITYSECTOR: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bangladesh, India and Pakistanattracted the largest amountof investment between 2014and 2022. Strong regional disparities infinance commitments for electricityexist between Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa Commitments to the electricitysector peaked in 2018 and haveyet to returnto the same levels. •Total commitments to 20 trackedcountries between 2014 and 2022reached USD 83.4 billion. •Between 2014 and 2022, five Asiancountries attracted 1.8 times moreODA commitments to electricityaccess than 15 countries tracked inSub-Saharan Africa. While Asia received strongcommitments for renewableelectricity generation, the region’snon-renewable sector also receiveda strongcommitment. •2022 sawthelargest decline in eightyears. It is important tomonitor thislow level of commitments to seewhether the trend continues or not. Despite their larger number, leastdeveloped countries (LDCs)received far lowercommitmentsthan low-ormiddle-incomecountries (LMICs). The decline in financecommitments in the early 2020s isstill evident at per capita level in20 countries (weighted average),although there are variationsamong countries. More ODA grants are provided toLDCs than LMICs, but loans (ODAloans and credits) remainthe maininstruments for both categories ofcountries. •Five LMICs received 55% of the totalcumulative commitment, while 15LDCs received the remaining 45%. •At per capita level, whileBangladesh and Pakistanstillreceived larger commitmentsthan many other countries, the gapsare smaller for the other countries. Mini-grid investments are highlyconcentrated; the top fivecountriesreceived 79% of the totalcommitments between 2014and 2022. Primary financial instruments aredebt financing (ODA loans andnon-export credits) across sectorsand purposes. •It is necessary to pay attention to thedistributional imbalance betweencountries at per capita level. •A significantly lower share of grantsand equity investments (10%)indicates the importance ofdeveloping appropriate instrumentsto reduce the uncertainty of debtfinancing. •WhileBangladesh, India andPakistan together received 87% ofthe total for the topfive countries,India alone received 66% of thatcommitment, which is 51% of thetotal for 20 countries. •Per capita commitment forunelectrified populationsin lowerelectricity access countries needs tobe increased to achieve SDG7. CLEAN COOKING SECTOR: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Other official flows (OOF) are theprimary financial instrument, withlimited use of ODA grants andloans. International public finance forclean cooking is not flowingsufficiently to countries with thelargest access gaps. Commitments to clean cookinghave been highly volatile, with asignificant peak in 2020 followedby a sharp decline. •OOF accounted for 74% ofcumulative commitments, while ODAgrants and loans together made uponly 26%.•This financing structure may not beoptimal for supporting early-stageand high-risk clean cookinginitiatives, particularly in LDCs andLMICs. •Total commitments to 20 trackedcountries between 2014 and 2022reached USD 544 million.•2020 saw an exceptional spike ofUSD 309 million, but commitmentsdropped to USD 27 million in 2022,raising concerns about fundingsustainability. •LMICs and LDCs together receivedonly 40% of total commitments,despite having the greatest needs. Multilateral Development FinanceInstitutions (DFIs) dominate cleancooking financing. •Multilateral DFIs provided 87% ofcumulative commitments, whileinternational governmentscontributed only 13%.•Philanthropic foundations'contributions were negligible at0.01% of total commitments. Strong regional disparities exist,with China receiving the majority ofcommitments. Clean cooking appliances andmarket support initiatives receivedlimited attention across all regions. •Between 2014 and 2022, China aloneattracted 60% of commitments, whilethe rest of Asia received 21% andSub-Saharan Africa only 19%. •This underscores the need for a morecomprehensive approach to cleancooking, one that addresses theentire value chain and creates anenabling environment. LPG fuels and distribution receivedthe majority of clean cookinginvestments. China, India and Bangladeshattracted the largest amount ofinvestment between 2014 and2022. •LPG alone accounted for 74% of totalinvestments between 2014 and2022, mainly due to a large project inChina.•Limited funding (1%) went to marketsupport activities,suggesting cleancooking is not yet a policy priority formost countries and donors. •Many countries received minimal orno funding over the nine-year period,highlighting significant inequities infunding distribution. 02 INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES •Sustain