国家简报：加纳全民可持续制冷

MEETING COOLING NEEDSWHILE ACCELERATING AJUST AND EQUITABLETRANSITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is based on a review of recent literature, industry reports, case studies andSustainable Energy for All’s (SEforALL’s) insights from in-country access to sustainablecooling support to the public and private sectors in Ghana. Data were collected fromvarious sources, including academic papers, SEforALL’s Chilling Prospects series, theGhana Energy Transition and Investment Plan, Ghana’s National Cooling Plan and GIZ’sGreenhouse Gas Inventory for the Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Sector (2022). The report and analysis were developed by a team from SEforALL that includes TillyLenartowicz, Ben Hartley and Michael Abrokwaa. The SEforALL team was led byBrian Dean. SEforALL would like to thank the following people and organizations, without whoseinput the report would not have been possible: For contributions and peer review: SnehaSachar (Independent Consultant), Hubert Nsoh Zan (Energy Commission Ghana) andEmi Mizuno (SEforALL). SEforALL acknowledges with gratitude the financial and technical assistance providedby the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation that made this report possible.We also acknowledge the core funding provided to our work by the Austrian DevelopmentAgency. For a full list of supporters, please visit our website atwww.SEforALL.org. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................... 5EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................... 6INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 8Purpose of the Report................................................................................................................................................................... 8Organization of the Report........................................................................................................................................................1101 COUNTRY BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................13Climate..............................................................................................................................................................................................13Population & Economy................................................................................................................................................................15Power & Emissions Profile.........................................................................................................................................................16Cooling Power & Emissions.......................................................................................................................................................18Heat Risk & Access to Cooling Gaps.....................................................................................................................................2002 GHANA’S COOLING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES........................................................23Food, Nutrition and Agriculture...............................................................................................................................................24Health Services..............................................................................................................................................................................26Human Comfort & Safety...........................................................................................................................................................27Other Cooling Needs....................................................................................................................................................................2903 SUSTAINABLE COOLING FOR ALL IN GHANA.............................................................................30Adopting passive and nature-based cooling strategies................................................................................................32Advancing higher cooling energy efficiency standards.................................................................................................34 TABLE OF CONTENTS Phasing out climate-warming hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants......................................................................35Decarbonizing the power sector.............................................................................................................................................36Promoting cooling equity and access....................................................................................................................................3