气候适应力和全球南方医疗保健的动力

February 4, 2025 FUNDED BY ENERGY. CLIMATE.DEVELOPMENT. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was written byElizabeth Gogoi, Rajni Luthra, Saumya Vaish, Sanya Prakash, MadhuSudan Gautam, Kennethe Ene, Nancy Okodoi and SunitKumar AryafromOxford Policy Manage-ment (OPM).The authors also wish to thank Vipul Kumar for his valuable contribution. This report was commissioned by theSustainable Energy for All (SEforALL)team. The SEforALLteam, led by Rahul Srinivasan and Nashwa Naushad,withLuc Severi,MarilenaLazopolou,CharlieKnightConceptaAtieno Ojwang, Neil Claydonand Anja Barradas,worked in close collaborationwith OPM. We would like to thankBenson Ireniand the broaderWorld Resources Institute (WRI)teamfortheirvaluable contributions as external reviewers. We acknowledge with gratitude the financial support provided bytheGlobal Energy Alliance forthe People and Planet (GEAPP)to support the delivery of this SEforALL workprogramme. For afull list of SEforALL supporters, please visit the SEforALL website. We also thankall the interviewees whoprovidedinsightfulinputs into this study:Rachita Misra(SELCO Foundation),Kajok Engtipt (Jhpiego), Satish Kumar (Alliance for an Energy EfficientEconomy),Chehak Ahujaand Nour Alnajjar(United Nations Children's Fund),Shreya WadhawanandAhana Chatterjee (Council on Energy, Environment and Water), Harsha Meenawat,LanvinConcessaoand Benson Ireri(WRI),Sanjeev Jain(CREDA (Retd)),ErinSullivanAnselland PhilipMaina Gatongi(United Nations Office for Project Services),Caleb Chemirmir (The Kenya Red CrossSociety),Joseph Kibet Rugut (Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, Governmentof Kenya), Stephen Worme and Aiden Rogers (Barbados Renewable Energy Association)andPaula Agbowu (Queen ElizabethHospitalBarbados). Specialthanks to theCouncil on Energy, Environment and Waterin India for sharing data fromtheir district-level Climate Vulnerability Index and for theinsights gained at their workshop onclimate resilient healthcare facilitiesin November 2024. ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY Adaptive capacity:Theability of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust topotential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequencesof climatechange(IPCC 2018). Air pollution:Thedegradation of air quality with negative effects on human health or the naturalor built environment due to the introduction, by natural processes or human activity, into theatmosphere of substances (gases, aerosols) which have a direct (primary pollutants) or indirect(secondary pollutants) harmful effect(IPCC 2018). Climate change:Achange of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activitythat alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climatevariability observed over comparable time periods(IPCC 2018). Extreme weather event:Aweather event, such asstorm, heavy or reduced rainfall, highor lowtemperatures,that is rare for that locationand time of year.This can also be called a climate"shock". Climate stress:Slow-onsethazards,events or changes, such as changes intemperature, rainfallandsea level, that unfold gradually over time. Resilience to climate change:Theability of systems,communities or individuals to withstand andrecover from the environmental, social, economic or health-related adverse impacts of climatechange(SEforALL and OPM 2023). CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................7INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................8CLIMATE RISKS TO POWERING HEALTHCARE....................................................................................102.1 The risk of climate change for healthcare facilities in theGlobal South.......................................102.2. The impact of climate change on healthcare facility energy infrastructure...............................132.3. Climate impact pathways for Kenya, India and Barbados................................................................18Increasing the climateresilience of healthcare energy infrastructure.............................................263.1 Defining climate resilient healthcare facility energy infrastructure.................................................263.2 Resilience solutions for healthcare facility energyinfrastructure....................................................29Climate resilient pathways for healthcare facility energy infrastructure.......................................404.1 Current level of resilience of healthcare facility energy infrastructure...........................................404.2. Barriers to adoption of resilience solutions by public healthcare facilities..................................454.2 Opportunities for building the resilience of healthcare energy infrastructure............................47Conc