2025全球博物馆公共资金状况研究报告

A worldwide answerfrom Museums International ResearchAlliance on Public FundingFor Museums (IRAPFM) Museum andpublic funding International Research Alliance onPublic Funding for Museums(IRAPFM) LEAD PARTNER Chair on Museum Governance and Cultural Law–Université du Québec àMontréal Lisa Baillargeon:Co-Director, UQAMYves Bergeron : Director, UQAMMichèle Rivet : Lead Scientific DirectorCamille Labadie: Research CoordinatorLéa Le Calvé: Research CoordinatorHeidi Weber : Research Coordinator INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS For Africa :Catherine Snel (Sanlam Archive and Museum, South Africa). For Asia:Yang Jin, assisted by Ma Jinwen, Jia Yutong, Hou Zelin, Tan Zhongyan, LiuNianqing (Shaanxi Normal University, China)andWang Siyu, Beijing University. For Europe:Xavier Roigé, assisted by Alejandra Canals Ossul (Universitat deBarcelona, Spain). For Latin America and the Caribbean :Luciana Menezes de Carvalho assisted byLuciene Pereira da Veiga Givisiez and Luiza Henriques Costa Pereira (UNIRIO,Brazil). For North America:Marc Lajoie, assisted by Lisette Carine Pedraza-Cala (Muséenational des Beaux-Arts du Québec, Canada). For Oceania:Conal McCarthy, assisted by Anna Abernethy (Victoria University ofWellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand). ISBN978-2-487970-02-1 Executive Summary Overview The International Research Alliance on Public Funding for Museums (IRAPFM) hasconducted a comprehensive study on the state of public funding for museumsworldwide, highlighting the critical financial challenges facing these vital culturalinstitutions andthe innovative strategies they adoptin response to a research projectgeneratedby ICOM-IMREC,the international research and exchange partnershipestablished by ICOM and Shanghai University. This report, spearheaded by the Universitédu Québec à Montréal (UQAM) and supported by a global consortium of experts, offers adetailed analysis of funding trends, their impacts, and museums’ responses to themacross different world regions. Additionally, the report proposes targeted calls for actionto address these challenges, support the sustainability of museums and identify keyareas for future research'. Key Findings £Decline in Public Funding:The study reveals a global decline in public funding formuseums, exacerbated by the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.This reduction in funding has led to significant operational challenges, including stafflayoffs, reduced programming, and delayed projects. Notably, even when budgetsremain nominally stable, inflation and increased responsibilities result in a realdecrease in available funds. £Shift to Self-Financing and Hybrid Models: Museums are increasingly turning to self-generated revenues and hybrid funding models that combine public and privatesources. This shift is driven by the need to offset the instability of public funding andensure financial sustainability. Governments are exerting pressure on museums togenerate their own revenue, leading to a rise in self-financing efforts. £Digital Transformation and Community Engagement: The pandemic has accelerateddigital initiatives, with museums developing online platforms, virtual tours, anddigital exhibitions. Strengthening community engagement through outreach andeducational programs has also become a crucial strategy for maintaining relevanceand attracting local funding. £Regional and Institutional Disparities: There are significant disparities in fundingbetween countries, as well as between national and smaller-scale museums.National museums often receive more stable funding, whereas smaller institutionsstruggle to compete. The varied types and themes of museum institutions alsoinfluence the level of funding they receive, some themes attracting more financialsupport than others. £Increasing Competition: The expansion of the heritage field and the multiplication ofprivate museums have intensified competition for funding. Public museums are at a disadvantage compared to private museums, leading to a two-tiered funding system.This increased competition pressures museums to innovate and diversify theirrevenue streams. £Cultural Diplomacy: Governments often overlook the critical role museums play incultural diplomacy. Enhanced recognition and support for museums' contributionsto cultural diplomacy could improve funding and operational stability. £Impact of New Definitions and Responsibilities: The new ICOM definition ofmuseums,which includes broader responsibilities such as inclusivity andsustainability, has added pressure on museums to adapt and expand their missions.This expansion necessitates additional funding and resources, further strainingfinancial capabilities. Proposed Calls for Action 1.For Museums: Insofar as possible, diversify funding sources by integrating privatedonations, corporate sponsorships and revenue-generating activities. Embracedigital tools and community-focused initiatives to build a loyal visitor base andincrease financial resilience. 2.For Governments: Imp