2025强化波兰外商直接投资(FDI)与中小企业的联动研究报告

Strengthening FDI and SMELinkages in Poland This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. ISBN 978-92-64-55824-3 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-50875-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-18284-4 (HTML) Photo credits:Cover © Drone in Warsaw by Prokreacja.com/Getty images. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword The global economy has remained resilient in the face of recent global disruptions, including the COVID-19pandemic, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, inflationary pressures, and geopolitical tensions,despite persistent uncertainty.These shocks have disrupted global value chains (GVCs) and tightenedbusiness conditions, affecting local economies andsocieties. While governments continue to adapt policyresponses to mitigate economic volatility, signs of a full recovery remain uneven. Global foreign directinvestment (FDI) flows remain below pre-pandemic levels, while fiscal policies are gradually tightening,leading to a phase-out of temporary support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In thiscontext, reinforcing economic resilience and promoting sustainable and inclusive growth is a key priority. Sincethe early 1990s,Poland has experienced strong and sustained economic growth,drivingconvergence towards OECD and EU income levels. Its strategic location, diversified industrial base, andcompetitive labour market have positioned Poland as a leading destination for FDI, facilitating deeperintegrationinto European and global production networks.However,foreign investment remainsconcentrated in medium-productivity industries, with relatively low engagement in high-value-added andR&D-intensive activities. Polish SMEs lag behind larger firms in terms of labour productivity and innovationand face challenges in scaling up their business operations and retaining skilled workers. To build a moreresilient and sustainable economy, Poland needs to boost the innovation and productivity of SMEsandprovide them with the support needed to engage in higher value-added activities as suppliers and partnersof foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). Beyond its direct contribution to capital and employment, FDI can serve as a conduit for domestic SMEsto access international markets and benefit from knowledge spillovers that result in the diffusion ofinnovation, new technologies and skills in local economies. FDI and SME lin