钢铁和水泥过渡的供需措施2025

Demand and SupplyMeasures for the Steeland Cement Transition The case for international co-ordination INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAMembercountries: IEAAssociationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract A massive scale-up of markets for transformative near-zero emissions steel andcement is needed to achieve internationally agreed net zero goals. Yet earlymovers on both the supply- and demand-side – that is, material producers andconsumers – face substantial barriers related to high costs and risks, among otherfactors. This has led to relatively slow market growth for near-zero emissionsmaterials, at a moment when reinvesting in long-lived high-emissions productioncould have repercussions for governments to achieve their stated climate goals.Policy makers have the opportunity to play a decisive role in unlocking markets fornear-zero emissions materials. Governments are well-positioned to reduce riskduring market formation, and targeted policy measures can provide the certaintythat is currently lacking in markets. Furthermore, international collaboration will bevital to make the transition faster and less costly, given the international nature ofmarkets for industrial products, the need for large and capital-intensive technologydemonstrations for near-zero emission production, and the larger demand signalsthat can be created by pooling commitments across borders. This report – produced at the request of the Climate Club yet generally applicableto policy discussions for industrial decarbonisation – offers considerations andoptions for governments to scaleup markets for near-zero and low-emissionssteeland cement,while concurrently reducing reliance on high-emissionsmaterials. It makes the case for why both demand-side and supply-side measuresare important to kick-start markets for near-zero emissions materials, summarisingprogress to date and highlighting gaps that rationalise government action. Keypolicy options are outlined,illustrating the variety of measures available togovernmentsas they implement strategies tailored to their particularcircumstances. The value of international co-ordination on such measures isdiscussed, and an initial illustrative proposal is elaborated for those governmentsthat may wish to consider coming together around a collective pledge for scalingup the market share of near-zero emissions materials. Acknowledgements Demand and supply measures for the steel and cement transition: The case forinternational co-ordinationwas prepared by the Energy Technology Policy (ETP)Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks (STO) ofthe International Energy Agency (IEA). The project was designed and directed byTimur Gül, IEA Chief Energy Technology Officer. Araceli Fernandez Pales, Headof the Technology Innovation Unit, provided strategic guidance throughout thedevelopment of the project. The principal IEA authors were: Andrew Ruttinger, Tiffany Vass, and IsabelGeppert. The development of this report also benefitted from contributions from other IEAcolleagues (in alphabetical order): Yasmine Arsalane, Leonardo Collina, MathildeFajardy, Alexandre Gouy, Pol Guardia Calsina, Martin Kueppers, Peter Levi,Antonella Pasetto, Nicholas Salmon, and Richard Simon. Per-Anders Widellprovidedessential support throughout the process.Lizzie Sayer edited themanuscript. Thanks also to Curtis Brainard, Poeli Bojorquez, Astrid Dumond, Grace Gordon,Jethro Mullen, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin, and Lucile Wall of the Communicationsand Digital Office. This report has been prepared as a deliverable under the Climate Club WorkProgramme. The work benefited from collaboration with Ramboll and Climate Group on aquestionnaire to steel and concrete buyers conducted in July 2024. The work could not have been achieved without the financial support provided bythe Government of Germany. Peer reviewers provided essential feedback and