2025年世界幸福报告

John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey D. Sachs,Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Lara B. Aknin, and Shun Wang This publication may be reproduced using thefollowing reference: Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., Sachs, J. D.,De Neve, J.-E., Aknin, L. B., & Wang, S. (Eds.). (2025).World Happiness Report 2025.University of Oxford: Wellbeing Research Centre. Full text and supporting documentationcan be downloaded from the website:worldhappiness.report ISBN 978-1-7348080-8-7 TheWorld Happiness Reportis a publication of the Wellbeing ResearchCentre at the University of Oxford in partnership with Gallup, the UNSustainable Development Solutions Network, and the WHR’s Editorial Board. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the viewsof any organization, agency or program of the United Nations. Table of Contents World Happiness Report2025 1Executive summary3Helliwell, Layard, Sachs, De Neve, Aknin, and Wang2Caring and sharing11Helliwell, Aknin, Huang, Norton, Wang, Cheung, Lee,and Konrath3Sharing meals with others57De Neve, Dugan, Kaats, and Prati4Living with others93Rojas, Martínez, Leyva Parra, Castellanos, and Tarragona5Connecting with others123Pei and Zaki6Supporting others159O’Connor, Peroni, Sarracino, Slater, and Wu7Trusting others193Algan, Blanc, and Senik8Giving to others227Plant, McGuire, Dupret, Dwyer, and Stewart The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts actingin their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarilyreflect the views of any organisation, agency, or program of the United Nations. Chapter 1 Executive summary John FHelliwellVancouver School of Economics,University of British Columbia Richard LayardCentre for Economic Performance,London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey DSachsCenter for Sustainable Development,Columbia University Jan-Emmanuel De NeveWellbeing Research Centre,University of Oxford Lara BAkninDepartment of Psychology,Simon Fraser University Shun WangInternational Business School Suzhou,Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Like ‘mercy’ inShakespeare’sMerchant ofVenice, caring is“twice-blessed” —it blesses thosewho give andthose whoreceive. In this year’s issue, we focus on the impact ofcaring and sharing on people’s happiness. Like‘mercy’ in Shakespeare’sMerchant of Venice,caring is “twice-blessed” – it blesses those whogive and those who receive. In this report, weinvestigate both of these effects: the benefitsto the recipients of caring behaviour and thebenefits to those who care for others. There are many ways in which we care and sharewith each other. Perhaps the most universalexample is sharing meals. As Chapter 3 shows,dining alone is not good for your wellbeing.People who eat frequently with others are a lothappier and this effect holds even taking intoaccount household size. The increasing number ofpeople who eat alone is one reason for decliningwellbeing in the United States. There is a wealth of evidence about the extent ofcaring behaviour around the world. In the GallupWorld Poll, people are asked if, in the last month,they gave money to charity, if they volunteered,and if they helped a stranger. They were alsoasked, in 2019, if they think other people wouldhelp them by returning their lost wallet. Another important form of caring and sharing isthe family. Latin American societies, characterisedby larger household sizes and strong family bonds,offer valuable lessons for other societies that seekhigher and sustainable wellbeing. In Chapter 4, wesee that happiness rises with household size up tofour people, but above that happiness declines.Notably, people living alone are much less happythan people who live with others. Some key findings jump out of the data. First, people are much too pessimistic about thebenevolence of others. For example, when walletswere dropped in the street by researchers, theproportion of returned wallets was far higher thanpeople expected. This is hugely encouraging. Trends towards increased loneliness are mostevident among young people. In 2023, 19% ofyoung adults across the world reported having noone they could count on for social support, a 39%increase compared to 2006. However, as we havesaid, they often underestimate the benevolenceof other people. After a powerful intervention,students at Stanford University became muchhappier when given evidence of the kindness oftheir peers (see Chapter 5). Second, our wellbeing depends on ourperceptionsof others’ benevolence, as well as their actualbenevolence. Since we underestimate the kindnessof others, our wellbeing can be improved byreceiving information about their true benevolence(see Chapter 5). Third, when society is more benevolent, thepeople who benefit most are those who are leasthappy. As a result, happiness is more equallydistributed in countries with higher levels ofexpected benevolence (see Chapter 2). The opposite of happiness is despair, which canlead to death by suicide or sub