从全球原则到地方政策和实践

Global Public Space Toolkit: From Global Principles to Local Policies and PracticeRevision: February 2016 All rights reserved © 2015United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)P.O. Box 30030 00100 Nairobi GPO KenyaTel: +254-020-7623120 (Central Office) www.unhabitat.org HS Number: HS/034/15EISBN Number: 978-92-1-132656-7 DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nationsconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree ofdevelopment. The analysis conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarilyreflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Governing Council. Cover illustration: Klas Groth © UN-Habitat ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nayoka Martinez-Bäckström, Cecilia AnderssonLaura PetrellaPietro GarauWilliam Fernando Camargo, Catarina Camarinhas, Naima Chabbi-Chemrouk, Jose Chong, Richard Dobson, Thamara Fortes, Coral Gillet,Sara Hoeflich de Duque, Ethan Kent, Nayoka Martinez-Bäckström,Pu Miao, Ndinda Mwongo, Chelina Odbert, Melissa Permezel, LauraPetrella, Marichela Sepe, Renata Silva, Alice Siragusa, Francesco Siravo,Mario Spada, Luis Zamorano Project managers:Project supervisor:Principal author:Contributors: Trupti Amritwar, Wossen Ashebir, Catarina Camarinhos, AlessandroCoppola, Milena Ikvovic, Ethan Kent, Anne Leemans, Pu Miao, ReginaOrvananos, Zarina Patel, Melissa Permezel, Frederic Saliez, MarichelaSepe, Sangheetha Singh, Mario Spada Peer reviewers: Publication coordinator:Editor:Design and layout: Ndinda MwongoDominic O’ ReillyAustin Ogola, Thamara Fortes, Fredrick Maitaria Global Public Space ToolkitFrom Global Principles toLocal Policies and Practice Contents FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ivPREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viGLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii Quality of Urban Life through Public Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Using Urban Planning and Design to Deliver Public Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4The Transformative Power of Urbanization: The New Urban Agenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Policy Directions and Main References on Public Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 THE CASE FOR PUBLIC SPACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Public Space as the Banner of Urban Civility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Public Spaces as our Urban Commons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Public Spaces as Generators of Income, Investment and Wealth Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . .16Public Spaces as Producers of Environmental Sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Public Space Increases Transportation Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Public Space Improves Public Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Public Space Enhances Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Public Spaces as Promoters of Equity and Social Inclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Public Spaces as Tools for Women and Age-Friendly Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Public Spaces as Opportunities for Generating Citizen Involvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Public Spaces as Generators of Great Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 GOALS ANDCONSTRAINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Definitions Come First. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Types of Public Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27The Goal: Improving Public Space Supply, Quality and Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Constraints to the Creation, Management and Enjoyment of Good Public Spaces. . . . . . .30Public Space in Different Urban Contexts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES. . . . . . .