找到合适的工作：哪些工作能很好地匹配化石燃料工人的技能？

Jacob Greenspon and Daniel Raimi About the Authors Jacob Greensponis a doctoral student in economics at the University of Oxfordand an economist with experience working at several think tank, academic, andgovernmental organizations. He holds degrees from the Harvard Kennedy School ofGovernment, Queen’s University, and McGill University. Daniel Raimiis a fellow at Resources for the Future (RFF) and a lecturer at the GeraldR. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan. He works on a range ofenergy policy issues with a focus on tools to enable an equitable energy transition. Hereceived his master’s degree in public policy from Duke University’s Sanford School ofPublic Policy and his bachelor’s degree in music from Wesleyan University. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Arvind Ravikumar from the University of Texas–Austin, for advice onthe methane detection and abatement industry; Eleanor Krause from the University ofKentucky, for helpful comments on an earlier draft; and Brianna Lyssy and Joe Spencerfrom BakerHughes, for providing information about the occupational composition ofthe carbon capture and sequestration industry. About RFF Resources for the Future (RFF) is an independent, nonprofit research institution inWashington, DC. Its mission is to improve environmental, energy, and natural resourcedecisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. RFF iscommitted to being the most widely trusted source of research insights and policysolutions leading to a healthy environment and a thriving economy. Working papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes ofinformation and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review.The views expressed here are those of the individual authors and may differ from thoseof other RFF experts, its officers, or its directors. Sharing Our Work Our work is available for sharing and adaptation under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. Youcan copy and redistribute our material in any medium or format; you must giveappropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made,and you may not apply additional restrictions. You may do so in any reasonablemanner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, orbuild upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. For moreinformation, visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Abstract The imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions necessitates major changes inthe domestic and global energy sector. However, one concern is whether workerscurrently employed in the coal, oil, and natural gas industries will be able to accessalternative employment opportunities with comparable levels of pay, inside or outsideof the low-emissions energy sector. A related question is whether current educationalprograms are sufficient to train the large workforce that will be needed to rapidlydeploy the range of technologies required to achieve deep reductions in greenhousegas emissions. This analysis provides early evidence on these questions by analyzingdata on occupational skills across the US economy. We find that a substantial numberof occupations offer a good “skills match” for today’s fossil fuel workforce, but mostof those occupations pay considerably less than jobs in fossil fuel extraction, refining,transportation, and power generation. Occupations that frequently offer a good-match with comparable pay are found mainly in transportation, construction, andrail industries. Several low-emissions sectors, particularly critical minerals mining,hydrogen, carbon capture, and energy-related civil engineering and construction,offer a substantial number of jobs with similar levels of pay and a good skills matchfor fossil fuel workers. We find that educational programs training workers to workwith low-emissions technologies are fairly modest in scope, with the largest numberin construction and heat pump installation and maintenance. We also find that in mostcases, there is a positive correlation between where low-carbon technologies are beingdeployed and where workers are being trained to build and operate those technologies. To better understand the variation in skills gaps across occupation, we havedeveloped an interactive online data tool that allows users to examine skills gaps,earnings, and projected job growth for all 31 benchmark jobs. Explore the data viaRFF’s Skills-Matching Data Tool. Contents 1. Introduction1 2.1. Data Assembly32.2. Identifying Common Fossil Fuel Occupations62.3. Calculating Skills Gaps82.4. Job Projections92.5. Postsecondary Education9 3. Results and Discussion10 3.1. Identifying Good-match Jobs103.2. Assessing Skills Gaps153.3. Skill Matches and Gaps in Low-Emissions Energy Sectors173.4. Training the Low-Carbon Energy Workforce213