2023-2024年全球女性创业观察报告：重塑经济与社区

MAIN AUTHORSHIP TEAM Amanda Elam, PhD, Babson College, GEM Global (lead author)Karen D. Hughes, PhD, University of Alberta and DIRI Fellow, GEM CanadaMahsa Samsami, PhD, Chemnitz University of Technology, GEM South Africa CONTRIBUTORS Fatima Boutaleb, Hassan II University of Casablanca-Morocco, GEM MoroccoMaribel Guerrero, Arizona State University; Universidad del Desarrollo, GEM ChileNatanya Meyer, University of Johannesburg, GEM South Africa This report is made possible thanks to the effort of all GEM National Teams that collected data duringthe period referred to in the report. Although GEM data were used in the preparation of this report, the interpretation and use of thedata are the sole responsibility of the authors. Published by the Global Entrepreneurship ResearchAssociation, London Business School, Regents Park, London NW1 4SA, UK Please cite as:GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) (2023). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor2023/24 Women’s Entrepreneurship Report Cover image:Claire Vo–unsplash.com Illustrations:AdobeStock Design and production:ccpg.com.pl © 2024 The authors and the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA) Report Sponsors CARTIER WOMEN’S INITIATIVE The Cartier Women’s Initiative is an annual international entrepreneurship program which aims todrive change by empowering women impact entrepreneurs. Founded in 2006, the program is open towomen-run and women-owned businesses from any country and sector that aim to have a strong andsustainable social and/or environmental impact. At the heart of the Cartier Women’s Initiative is the vision of a world where every woman impactentrepreneur can realize her full potential. Cartier Women’s Initiative has partnered with GEMto generate evidence on the global state of women’s entrepreneurship. This is critical for drivingcollaboration and enrolling more support for women entrepreneurs. THE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT FRIBOURG The School of Management Fribourg (HEG-FR) is a bilingual public business school located inFribourg, Switzerland, and a member of the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of WesternSwitzerland (HES-SO). Its Institute of Small and Medium Enterprises houses the Swiss chapterof GEM research, which is headed by Professor Rico Baldegger, PhD, in collaboration with othercolleagues such as SUPSI Manno in Ticino, Switzerland.One of the forerunners in Switzerland for training and interdisciplinary research in the area of entrepreneurship and SMEs (small and medium enterprises), the School of Management Fribourghas a particular thematic interest in research on women’s entrepreneurship and impacts ofentrepreneurship on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). THE FRANK & EILEEN™ CENTER FOR WOMEN’SENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP As the first center focused on women entrepreneurial leaders at a business school, the Frank& Eileen™ Center for Women’s Entrepreneurial Leadership is the premier source for businessacceleration, global entrepreneurship research, and entrepreneurial leadership. The Center’s missionis to educate, convene, and champion Babson students, alumni, and the entrepreneurial ecosystemguided by the principles of Babson’s Entrepreneurial Thought & Action. Since F&E CWEL’s inception23 years ago, the center has continued to innovate its programs to align with the ever-changingentrepreneurial landscape to ensure its learners receive the education, mentorship, and support theyneed to be truly inclusive entrepreneurial leaders. Contents Chapter 3 Acknowledgements6 High Potential Activities, Industry,and Business Size Foreword7 What industry sectors are women entrepreneurs mostactive in?31How active are women in employer firms versusself-employment?33How involved are women in high-potentialentrepreneurship?34 Women’s Entrepreneurship at GEMSilver Anniversary8 Executive Summary10 Startup activity10Established business ownership(more than 42 months old)10High potencial startup activity10Business exits and exit/entry ratios10Intentions, perceptions and motivations11Demographic trends11Emerging trends11Implications for research, policy and practice11 Chapter 4 Perceptions and Motivations41 How do entrepreneurial perceptions differ for women?41How have entrepreneurial perceptions for womenentrepreneurs changed over time?43Why do women start businesses?45Why do women exit their businesses?47 Chapter 1 Chapter 5 Introduction 15 Demographic Indicators: Age,Education, and Household Income49 History and Impact of the GEM Women’s Report15GEM Data Analysed in this Report16 How old are women entrepreneurs?49What is the educational background of womenentrepreneurs?50What types of households do entrepreneurs come from?52 Chapter 2 Startup Intentions,Activity, and Business Stage Chapter 6 How active are women in startup activity?19Have women increased their startup activity over theyears?20How many women aspire to start businesses?24How active are women at different stages of theentrepreneurial life cy