APEC Urban Energy Report 2023 - Driving Cities Through the Low Carbon Transition

APEC Urban Energy Report 2023 Driving Cities Through the LowCarbon Transition APECEnergy Working Group June2024 APEC Project:EWG 01 2023S Produced by APEC Sustainable Energy Center (APSEC)Tianjin UniversityLibrary of ScienceWeijin Road 92Tianjin-Nankai300072China(86) 22 27 400 847Apsec2014@126.comhttp://apsec.tju.edu.cn/En/ ForAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat35 Heng Mui Keng TerraceSingapore 119616Tel: (65) 68919 600Fax: (65) 68919 690Email:info@apec.orgWebsite:www.apec.org ©2024APEC Secretariat APEC#224-RE-04.4 ISBN:978-981-94-0265-6 Foreword APEC Sustainable Energy Center (APSEC) is pleased to present the APEC UrbanEnergy Report 2023–Driving Cities Through the Low Carbon Transition. This reportcollects part of the research work undertaken by APSEC during the year 2023 withinits pillar ofthe Cooperative Network of Sustainable Cities (CNSC). In this report, APSEC continued its cooperation with its global partners: APECcities (Manila, Greater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition, Temuco in Chile);global organizations (GCoM, CDP, Climate Policy Initiative), Universities (TokaiUniversity,the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,CarletonUniversity), the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the California-ChinaClimate Institute, and an innovative enterprise (EntrepreneurCircle.World and MGTOPEN j.d.o.o.), as well as others mentioned in the Acknowledgements section. Thelead-authorship, coordination and editing has been done by Prof. S. Defilla, PresidentAssistant of APSEC. APSEC wishes to extend it special gratitude to its external andinternal contributors. APEC Sustainable Energy Center Acknowledgements and Disclaimer This study could not have been completed without numerous experts who providedinvaluable contributions. Specifically, we are grateful to the following experts and contributors: Experts participating in the 7thAPEC Workshop on Sustainable Cities organizedby APEC Sustainable Energy Center and Hong Kong Polytechnic University on 14March 2023, comprising delegates from Canada;Chile;China;Hong Kong,China;Korea;the Philippines;Singapore;Chinese Taipei;and United States. The lead author andeditor of this report is DEFILLA Steivan, President Assistant,APEC Sustainable Energy, having authored all sections except the following ones: 1.2.2.Urban Energy Challenges: YIN Baoquan and HUO Yujiao (APSEC) 2.1.2.TheRole of Credit Guarantee Schemes in Renewable EnergyDevelopment: A Theoretical and Policy Analysis: TAGHIZADEH-HESARY Farhad(Tokai University) 2.1.3.Demand Side Conditions of a Credit Risk Guarantee: GAIL SATURA-QUINGCO Shiela (Metro Manila Development Authority) 2.1.4.International Financial Institutions and use of CRGs as an instrument inthe energy transition of APEC economies: CHEAH Ping Yean (AIIB) 2.1.5.Urban Climate Finance in the Energy Sector: The Case of GreenBuildings: PORTO MACEDO Francisco Martes (Climate Policy Initiative) 2.1.6.Financing the Circular Economy: Four Elements of Success for SmartCities: KIERANS Gordana (EntrepreneurCircle.World and MGT OPEN j.d.o.o.) 2.1.7.Carbonomics for Climate-Smart Cities: RICHTER Ulf Henning, andKRAVCHENKO Ekaterina (the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) 2.3.1.Leveraging Carbon Neutrality Incentives Through SustainabilityAccounting: KEDDIE Leanne (Carleton University) 3.1.1.Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Covenant of Mayors toCollect Urban Energy and Climate Data: HAEMS Peter (Global Covenant ofMayors) 3.1.2.Climate Change Data and Governance in APEC Cities: Latest Trendsand Insights from CDP: PAIK Hanah and KASHYAP Karishma (CDP) 3.2.1.Cities in Transition to Carbon Neutrality: The Case of San Francisco:DAI, Fan (California-China Climate Institute) 3.2.2.Strategies for Clean Energy and Transportation: The Case of theGreater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition: THOMPSON Antoine M.(Greater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition) 3.2.3.Energy Transition: Temuco's challenges to mitigate and monitor blackcarbon: FIGUEROA ESPINDOLA Patricio (Temuco City, Chile) MENCHAVEZRalph,SAVP&Head of Commercial Strategy and BusinessPerformance, MERALCO, is acknowledged for comments on the Philippine energysector in section 2.1.3. GUTIERREZ Chelso R., Senior Vice President, and ANGELES Eduardo S., VicePresident,PHILGUARANTEE,areacknowledgedforcommentsonthePHILGUARANTEE in section 2.1.4. XIE Pengfei isherebygratefully thanked for usefulfinalcomments on the report. Preparation of drafts, statistics, graphics, and references: ABDULLAH MuhammadGhazanfar, ALOQAB Khawla Taher Ahmed Mohammed, BARRETO BARBOSACarlos Mauricio, LEANG Kakdamony Rack, MA Yi, QAISRA. This report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the APEC EnergyWorkingGroup or individual APEC member economies.This report is to beinterpreted as a scientific and analytic contribution. No APEC economy endorsing thisreport will be bound by any of its conclusions. The authored contributions of thirdparties