2025年全球导航卫星系统与安全卫星通信用户技术报告

2025/ISSUE1 MoreinformationontheEuropeanUnionisavailableontheInternet(http://europa.eu).Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2025 CatalogueNumber:TS-01-25-000-EN-NISBN978-92-9206-088-6doi:10.2878/9596833 Copyright©EuropeanUnionAgencyfortheSpaceProgramme(EUSPA),2025.ThisdocumentandtheinformationcontainedinitissubjecttoapplicablecopyrightandotherintellectualpropertyrightsunderthelawsoftheCzechRepublicandotherstates.Thisdocumentandinformationcontained inthisdocumentmaybeexcerpted,copied,printed,republished,madeavailabletothepublicbywireorwirelessmeansand/orotherwiseprovidedtothirdpartiesonlyundertheconditionthatthesourceandcopyrightownerisclearlystatedasfollows:“Source:GNSSandSecureSATCOMUserTechnologyReport,Issue1,copyright©EuropeanUnionAgencyfortheSpaceProgramme,2025”.IfyoudorepublishwewouldbegratefulifyoulinkbacktotheEUSPAwebsitewww.euspa.europa.eu.Nopartofthisdocument,includinganypartoftheinformationcontainedtherein,inwhicheverformat,whetherdigitalorotherwise,maybealtered,editedorchangedwithoutpriorexpressandwrittenpermissionoftheEuropeanUnionAgencyfortheSpaceProgramme,toberequestedviahttps://www.euspa.europa.eu/about/contact,clearlystatingtheelement(documentand/orinformation)andtermofuserequested.Forreproductionoruseofphotosandanyotherartisticmaterial,permissionmayhavetobedirectlyobtainedfromthecopyrightholder. Thedesignationsemployed,therepresentationofthematerialsandtheviewsexpressedbyauthors,editors,orexpertgroups,otherEUagenciesand/ortheirstaffmembersorotherthirdparties,donotnecessarilyrepresenttheopinionsorthestatedpolicyofeitherEUSPAortheEuropeanUnion.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorofcertainmanufacturers’productsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbytheEUSPAinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Errorsandomissionsexcepted,thenamesofproprietaryproductsandcopyrightholdersaredistinguishedbyinitialcapitalletters. Thepresentdocumentisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressorimpliedinrelationtoitscontentand/oruse.Totheextentpermittedbytheapplicablelaw,theEUSPAshallnotbeliableforanydamagesarisingfromthecontentanduseofthepresentdocument.Shouldyoubecomeawareofanybreachoftheabovetermsofuse,pleasenotifytheEuropeanUnionAgencyfortheSpaceProgrammeimmediately,throughtheabove-mentionedcontactsite.Anybreachofthesetermsofusemaybesubjecttolegalproceedings,seekingmonetarydamagesand/oraninjunctiontostoptheunlawfuluseofthedocumentand/oranyinformationcontainedtherein.TheabovetermsofuseshallbegovernedbytheEUlawandthenationalsubstantivelawofBelgium.ThecourtsofBrusselsshallhavejurisdictiontogivejudgementforanyclaimsarisingoutofthesetermsofuse.Bydownloading,forwarding,and/orcopyingthisdocumentoranypartsthereof,inwhicheverformat,whetherdigitalorotherwise,theuseracknowledgesandacceptstheabovetermsofuseasapplicabletohim/her. GNSSandSecureSATCOM UserTechnologyReport 2025/ISSUE1 DearReader, ThespaceindustryisrapidlyevolvingasweenteraneweraofsatellitecommunicationsandGNSSadvancements.AgileNewSpaceplayersareleveragingthesetrendstocreateserviceswhichbenefitawiderangeofusersinboththepublicandprivatesectors. Securesatellitecommunications(secureSATCOM)andGNSSarecrucialforensuringtheresilienceandstrategicautonomyoftheEuropeanUnionanditsMemberStates,bothinspaceandontheground. TheEuropeanUnionisactivelyworkingonthedeploymentofGOVSATCOM,withEUSPAimplementingtheGOVSATCOMHub.Inaddition,theEUispreparingtheambitiousIRIS²,thenewSecureConnectivityProgramme.ThesesystemswillcomplementtheexistingEUSpaceProgramme’scomponentsforNavigation(GalileoandEGNOS),EarthObservation(Copernicus),andSpaceSituationalAwareness. Inthiscontext,EUSPAdraftedthefirsteditionoftheGNSSandSecureSATCOMUserTechnologyReport.ThisreportisdesignedtoofferyouacomprehensiveunderstandingofthelatestdevelopmentsandtrendsinGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystems(GNSS)andsecureSatelliteCommunications(SATCOM),twopivotaltechnologiesthatareincreasinglyintertwinedandessentialinourmodernworld. TherapidevolutionofGNSStechnologyisreshapinghowweperceiveandinteractwithsatellitenavigation.Asnewfrequenciesandsignalsbecomeavailableforcivilianuse,receivermanufacturersarecontinuouslyinnovatingtoensurecompatibilityandenhancedperformance,facilitatingtheadoptionofopenaccesssignalswithstandardisedfrequencyplansandmodulationschemes.ThisglobaleffortissteeringGNSStowardsaservice-orientedmodel,promisingusersimprovedaccuracyandsecurity.TheEuropeanUnionGalileosystemexemplifiesthisshiftwithitsHighAccuracyService(HAS)andOpenServiceNavigationMessageAuthentication(OSNMA)feature,settingnewbenchmarksinthefield. TurningourattentiontosecureSATCOM,thereporthighlightssignificanttechnologicaladvancementsandtrendsredefiningthisdomain.Thepushfordigitalizationandtheintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)andcloudcomputingaredrivingenhancedperformanceandsystemmanagement.ThedeploymentoflargeNon-GeostationaryOrbit(NGSO)constellationsisrevolutionizingthefieldbyreducinglatencyandimprovingglobalcoverage.Thiscomes,however,withthechallengeofdevelopingsophisticateduserterminal