健康与污染法律环境评估2025

Legal EnvironmentAssessment forHealth and Pollution An operational guide to conductingnational regulatory and policyassessments to promote effective pollutioncontrol and protect public health General disclaimers UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty,inequality and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more atundp.orgor follow at @UNDP. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyrepresent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or the United Nations Member States. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of theEuropean Union. Copyright ©UNDP 2025. All rights reserved. One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY, 10017,USA. Acknowledgements This manual, which provides practical guidance to countries to conduct a legal environmentassessment for health and pollution, was developed by Andrew McCartor and EmmanuelKasimbazi, Consultants for the HIV, Health and Development Group of UNDP, in collaborationwith the following UNDP staff (in alphabetical order): Juana Cooke, Programme Specialist;Kenechukwu Esom, Policy Specialist; Suvi Huikuri, Policy Specialist; Dudley Tarlton, Managerai.; Tom Twining-Ward, Senior Advisor; Natalia Linou, Deputy Director; and Douglas Webb,Manager, representing UNDP offices in Latin America, Brussels and New York. Special thanks are due to all UNDP and UN Environment Programme staff who providedinsightful comments or suggestions. From UNDP, contributions were made by Maria Cruz-Gonzales, Policy Specialist; Xin He, Programme Analyst; Natalia Linos, Deputy Director; TimScott, Policy Advisor; Roy Small, Policy Analyst; and Marianne Kjellen, Senior Water Advisor.From the United Nations Environment Programme, special thanks are due to Maria SocorroManguiat, Senior Legal Officer; Renée Gift, Legal Officer; and Lais Paiva Siqueira, AssociateLegal Officer. Thanks are also extended to Mandeep Dhaliwal, Director of UNDP HIV and Health Group, forher suggestions and editorial review. The development of this document is funded by the European Commission, in the frameworkof a global project ‘Advancing health and environmental sustainability through action onpollution’ (2020-2024), which also piloted the LEA methods in three countries: Ethiopia, Indiaand Mongolia. This manual was adapted from and developed based on a United Nations DevelopmentProgramme’s (UNDP) documentLegal Environment Assessment for HIV: An operationalguide to conducting national legal, regulatory and policy assessments for HIV(2014). It drawson important resources developed by UNEP, the World Health Organization, the World Bank,and the American Bar Association. Table of Contents Foreword 1.Introduction: Why conduct a Legal Environment Assessment on pollution?61.1 About this LEA manual8 2.1 Defining pollution and the scope of the LEA142.2 Environmental media and contaminant type142.3 Contaminants of high concern and pollution source types152.4 Informal economic activities18 3. Legal and policy frameworks for controlling pollution and protectingenvironmental health22 3.1 Organizing an analysis of the state of environmental rule of law233.2 Constitutional and international rights to a healthy environment253.3 Framework environmental laws263.4 Challenges to effective pollution control27 4. Planning for a Legal Environmental Assessment30 4.1 Step 1: Develop a budget314.2 Step 2: Recruit the LEA Task Team314.3 Step 3: Develop a communication and coordination strategy314.4 Step 4: Develop a monitoring and evaluation framework324.5 Step 5: Identify key stakeholders334.6 Step 6: Hold a consultative planning meeting344.7 Step 7: Establish a Technical Working Group344.8 Step 8: Develop an inception report364.9 Step 9: Identify legal and policy issues for analysis37 5. Conducting the Legal Environment Assessment40 5.1 Stakeholder consultations405.2 Ethical considerations, review and approval415.3 Desk review425.4 Data collection435.5 Finding country-specific burden of disease data related toindividual pollutants44 6. Feedback and finalization48 6.1 Overview of the results of the LEA486.2 Soliciting feedback from undp headquarters486.3 Soliciting feedback prior to finalization and dissemination48 6.4 Producing a final report496.5 Summary policy briefing506.6 Thematic or issue-based briefs506.7 Translation and production of final resource materials517. Dissemination, implementation and impact547.1 Purpose of disseminating the results of the LEA547.2 Dissemination workshop547.3 Media engagement557.4 Small grants for tailored advocacy557.5 Sustaining the process for maximum impact56Annex 1. Templates60Annex 1A: Sample concept note: National LEA60Annex 1B: Sample Terms of Refer