加快索马里的性别平等 - 突破障碍，创造机遇

© 2024 The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy ofthe data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply anyjudgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H StreetNW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Goals of Paper....................................................................................................................................................... 11. Human Capital.................................................................................................................................................. 52. Economic Opportunities...............................................................................................................................153. Voice and Agency...........................................................................................................................................194. Climate Change..............................................................................................................................................275. Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................31 The paper highlights work alreadybeing done in the current Somaliaportfolio and identifies opportunities todeepen a focus on gender gaps in futureprogramming and policy discussions,while remaining cognizant of thecountry’s humanitarian situation. GOALS OF PAPERT his options paper1aims to highlight select evidence-based and innovative options for potentialprogramming that could unlock women’s and girls’ empowerment through the World Bank’s portfolioin Somalia.2It is the operational companion to the Gender Policy Note3which identifies key challengesthat women and girls face in Somalia. The paper highlights work already being done in the currentSomalia portfolio and identifies opportunities to deepen a focus on gender gaps in future programmingand policy discussions, while remaining cognizant of the country’s humanitarian situation. In some areas,the paper suggests new fields that the Bank could expand into to address women’s empowerment. INTRODUCTION Food security remains a pressing challenge. Anestimated 6.6 million people in Somalia likelyexperienced high levels of acute food insecurityin the second quarter of 2023, while 1.8 millionchildren under the age of five years are likelytohave acute malnutrition throughout 2023.5Humanitarianfood and non-food assistanceconsisting of livelihood support, nutrition, WASH,and health-related interventions were estimatedto reach 4.4 million people per month in early2023.Scaled-up and sustained humanitarianassistance has likely prevented the worsening offood security and nutrition outcomes in manyareas.However,humanitarian food assistancedelivery continued to fall short of requirements.Additional humanitarian assistance vaccinated 2.3million children against measles and administeredVitamin A and deworming tablets to two millionchildren in late 2022, while nearly 1 million childrenwere vaccinated against cholera in January 2023.6 Since 1990, Somalia has experienced more than30 climate-related hazards, including 12 droughtsand 19 floods. These natural disasters took placealongsideconflict and widespread insecurity,diseaseoutbreaks,and poverty.Indeed,anestimated 8.25 million people will need immediatelife-saving humanitarian and protection assistancein Somalia.4This is nearly half of the country’spopulation, affected by recurrent climate shocks,conflict and insecurity, displacement, and poverty.While agriculture accounts for up to 90 percent ofSomalia’s exports, natural disasters from droughtsto flooding and locust infestations have upendedthe sector. In response to loss of livelihoods, anexodus of people fled to urban centers, causingdisplacement and rapid urbanization. In the backdrop of these critical humanitarianchallenges facing Somalia today and informed bythe World Bank Group Gender Strategy, our paperis divided into four areas: