2024年农产品市场状况 — 贸易和营养：政策协调推动健康膳食

This flagship publication is part ofThe State of the Worldseries of the Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations. Required citation: FAO. 2024.The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2024–Trade and nutrition: Policy coherence for healthy diets. Rome.https://doi.org/10.4060/cd2144en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or developmentstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specificcompanies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have beenendorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. ISSN 2663-8207(print)ISSN 2663-8215(online)ISBN 978-92-5-139061-0© FAO, 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International licence(CC BY 4.0:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted, provided that the work is appropriately cited.In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services.The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If a translation or adaptation of this work is created, it must include the followingdisclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation [or adaptation] was not created by the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation [or adaptation].The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Any dispute arising under this licence that cannot be settled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with theArbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The parties shall be bound by anyarbitration award rendered as a result of such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. Third-party materials.This Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0 does not apply to non-FAO copyright materials included in thispublication. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, areresponsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder.The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. FAO photographs.FAO photographs that may appear in this work are not subject to the above-mentioned Creative Commonslicence. Queries for the use of any FAO photographs should be submitted to:photo-library@fao.org. Sales, rights and licensing.FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and printcopies can be purchased through the distributors listed there. For general enquiries about FAO publications please contact:publications@fao.org. Queries regarding rights and licensing of publications should be submitted to:copyright@fao.org. AGRICULTURALCOMMODITYMARKETSTHE STATE OF2024 TRADE AND NUTRITION:POLICY COHERENCEFOR HEALTHY DIETS Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome, 2024 CONTENTS FOREWORDvMETHODOLOGYviiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviiiABBREVIATIONSixEXECUTIVE SUMMARYx PART 5STRENGTHENING POLICY COHERENCE FOR TRADE AND NUTRITION Key messages73 Domestic support, trade policies and nutrition73Nutrition labelling81Interaction and coherence between trade andnutrition policy86 PART 1THE NUTRITION TRANSITION 1 Key messages1Structural transformation andthe nutrition transition1Focussing on the relationship betweenthe nutrition transition and income12The globalization of dietary patterns16 NOTES92 TABLES 2.1Food categories used in the report26 5.1Examples of interpretive and non-interpretivefront-of-package labelling83 PART 2TRADE AND NUTRITION: IDENTIFYINGTHE LINKAGES 21 Key messages21Patterns and evolution of food trade21How can trade affect nutrition?34 FIGURES 1.1Structural transformation and nutritiontransition: Main drivers and outcomes, 2000–202221.2Engel’s law: Share of food in total consumerexpenditure and gross domestic product per capita,202241.3Bennet’s law: Share of staple foods in totalenergy available for human consumption and grossdomestic product per capita, 202051.4The burden of undernourishment and multipleforms of malnutrition: Selected nutritional outcomeindicators, 2000–2022111.5Total calories available for consumption in theworld by food category, 1961–2021131.6Quantity of staple foods available forconsumption (per capit