中美人工智能创新比较研究

20245》《》。2017《》2018《》2019《》“”。。21。。2021《》《2022—2026》《》。“”“”。20185。JAIC。2021、、19、、、、。、、。。2010。40、。、。FronteraPleiadesPerlmutter。。20192451 6002 000。202151 000。2022《》2 000。202285183。11。。2018。“AI Next”“Artificial Intelligenceand Data”。2019 3. 93%9. 76%。 3. 5OECDforthcoming．OECD framework for the classification ofAI systems-preliminary findings OECD PublishingEB / OL．2023－ 09 － 06．https/ / one. oecd. org / document / DSTI / CDEP202013 / ＲEV1 / en / pdf．6．J．20214121100－111．7WANG YOUCHEN DINGDING． Ｒising Sino-U. S． competitionin artificial intelligenceJ． China quarterly of international stra-tegic studies2018 42241－258．8DIANEL CASTＲOMCHAEL MCLAUGHLIN ELINE CHIVOT． 1SCHEＲEＲ M U． Ｒegulating artificial intelligence systemsriskschallengescompetencies and strategiesJ． Harvard journal oflaw ＆ technology2016 29248－54．2．·N．2016－01－27．3．、J．2020944－49．4United States Patent and Trademark Office． Inventing AItracingthe diffusion of artificial intelligence with U. S. patentsEB / OL．2023 － 09 － 06．https/ / www. uspto. gov / sites / default / files /documents / OCE-DH-AI. pdf 2020． M．2022．24MACＲOPOLO． The global AI talent trackerEB / OL．2020－06－092023－ 09－ 06．https/ / macropolo. org / digital-pro-jects / the-global-ai-talent-tracker / ．25·AI． 2022AI 2000Ｒ / OL．2022－01 － 252023 － 09 － 06．https/ / static. aminer. cn / misc /pdf / AI200022. pdf．26MOZUＲ PMETZ C． A U. S． secret weapon in A. I．ChinesetalentN． New York Times 2020－06－09．27WM C HANNASHUEY-MEEI CHANG DANIEL H CHOUet al． China’s advanced AI researchEB / OL．2023 － 09 －06． https/ / cset. georgetown. edu / publication / chinas-advanced-ai-research / ．28LEE KAI FU． AI super powersChina Silicon Valley and the newworld orderM． Boston MA Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2018．29．2022Ｒ /OL．2023－09－06． https/ / www. xdyanbao. com / doc / xatk20pa4vbd_vid = 7920894695079040305．30TOP 500 The List． Top500 ListEB / OL．2023 － 03 － 202023－09－06． https/ / www. top500. org / statistics / overtime / ．31．J．202237943－47．32．2021EB / OL．2022－ 08 － 022023 － 09 － 06．http/ / www. cac. gov. cn /2022－08 /02 / c_1661066515613920. htm．33．J．202236211－21．34OECD． OECD Framework for the classification of AI systems-pre-liminary findingsEB / OL．2022－02－222023－09－06．https/ / www. oecd. org / publications / oecd-framework-for-the-classification-of-ai-systems-cb6d9eca-en. htm．35Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence． Arti-ficial intelligence index report 2022EB / OL．2023－09－06．https/ / aiindex. stanford. edu / ai-index-report－2022 / ．36．J．202242619－26．37．J．20069160－166． Who is winning the AI raceChina the EU or the United StatesEB / OL．2019 － 08 － 192023 － 09 － 06．Center for DataInnovationhttps/ / www2. datainnovation. org /2019-china-eu-us-ai. pdf．9．J．2022444531－542．10．J．201938141－47．11．PCTJ．202017839－46．12．J．20205154－162．13．J．2020573－76．14．J．202116121215－1223．15．———SJ．202323354－67．16．ICJ．201637 41－8．17．J．2021381884－93．18．J．202344 11－7．19FUＲMAN JLHAYNESＲ．Catching up or standing stillNationalinnovative productivity among“follower”countries1978—1999 J． Ｒesearch policy 2004 33 91329－1354．20．J．20214111150－161．21．J．20221101－124．22LinkedIn．AIEB / OL．2017 － 07 － 272023 － 09 － 06．https/ / business. linkedin. com / zh-cn /talent-solutions / c /17 /07 / AI-Ｒeport．23． 2020 Comparative Study on Artificial Intelligence Innovationbetween China and the United StatesPeng Xushu Institute of Quantitative ＆ Technological EconomicsChinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100732ChinaAbstractArtificial intelligence is one of the focuses in international technological competition especially between China and the United States． Based on the theory of national innovation capabilitythe article comprehensively analyzes and compares artificial intelligence innovation in China and the UnitedStates． The author concludes that global artificial intelligence innovation has formed a pattern of“one super country and one strong country”referring re-spectively to the United States and China． They have both similarities and significant differences in artificial intelligence innovation． Firstthe UnitedStates has a larger population of artificial intelligence talents who are more experienced and high-quality． So in terms of innovative talents the UnitedStates has an absolute advantage． Howeverthe number of talents in China is being rapidly increased and their potential is enormous． Secondly both Chi-na and the United States have adequate innovation resources． But China may soon surpass the United States in terms of computing power and data resourcescale． Howeverdue to the pressure from the United States the gap between China and the United States in the fields of supercomputing and venture cap-ital may be further widened in the short period of time． ThirdlyChina is making rapid progress in knowledge innovation but the United States still holdsan absolute advantage． Fourthlyin terms of technological innovation China already has advantages in some fields but in areas such as basic platformsand key hardware innovationit is still