2024年全球建筑脱碳政策监测报告-多级方法

Global Monitoring of Policiesfor Decarbonising Buildings A MULTI-LEVEL APPROACH Global Monitoring of Policiesfor Decarbonising Buildings A MULTI‑LEVEL APPROACH This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. OECD (2024),Global Monitoring of Policies for Decarbonising Buildings: A Multi-level Approach, OECD Urban Studies, OECDPublishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/d662fdcb-en. ISBN 978-92-64-45449-1 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-87503-6 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-85653-0 (HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-59921-5 (epub) OECD Urban StudiesISSN 2707-3432 (print)ISSN 2707-3440 (online) Photo credits:Cover © sl-f/Getty images Plus. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2024 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Addressing climate change requires decisive action from thebuildings sector, which is responsible fornearly 40% of global energy-related CO2emissions. With continued urbanisation and a projected 15%increase in global floor area by 2030, building-related emissions are set to rise unless ambitious policyactions are implemented to support investment in sustainable buildings. Governments aroundthe world are actively seeking ways to decarbonise buildings. However, thepaceandambition of actions need to be accelerated and strengthened.The OECD Programme onDecarbonising Buildings in Cities and Regionsseeks to help governments in those endeavours. Launchedin 2021, it has been collecting data and best practices todecarbonisebuildingson both national and locallevels, advisingspecificcountries and citiesthrough deep-divestudies, andsharing the latestknowledgeon innovative initiativesvia its annualSustainable Buildings Roundtable. At the request of the French Ministry of Ecological Transition and Territorial Cohesion,the OECD ran aGlobal Survey on Buildings and Climate (2024)across 28 countries in Africa, America, Asia, and Europetogather information on strategies and policies on decarbonising buildings being developed andimplemented across the globe. This new report provides insights from that survey. While the report stressesthe need for urgent action, it also advocates caution in adoptingsudden overhaulsinpolicy approaches.France’s new environmental and energy regulations(Réglementationenvironnementale 2020,RE2020), which entail a gradual process ofextensive data collection, stakeholderinvolvement and pilot projects,provide a good example of the incrementalapproachset out in this report.Thestep-by-stepapproachhasallowedfor a period of trial and error, enabling practical adjustments beforethe regulations wereextendednationwide in 2022. The report also sheds light on multi-level partnerships,as exemplified bythe Netherlands’Natural GasFree Neighbourhood Programme(PAW).While the national government oversees the energy transition,each municipality faces differentchallenges in decarbonising buildings due tovariations in, for example,available heating sources, workforce, buildingenergyefficiency and energy povertylevels.Moreover, eachneighbourhood has unique geographic and social characteristics,which alsorequire