2024年创意经济展望

Creative EconomyOutlook 2024 U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T Creative EconomyOutlook 2024 © 2024, United NationsAll rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the CopyrightClearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications405 East 42nd Street, S-11FW001New York, New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail: publications@un.orgWebsite: https://shop.un.org/ The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation ofits frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. Acknowledgements TheCreative Economy Outlook 2024was prepared by a United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development (UNCTAD) report team comprising Marisa Henderson (team leader), KatalinBokor (coordinator), Bruno Antunes, Ebru Gokce-Dessemond and Federico Manto, under theoverall guidance of Miho Shirotori, Acting Director of the Division on International Trade andCommodities. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges the significant contributions to the report of Amanda Fláviode Oliveira (Professor at University of Brasília, Brazil) and André Ferraz (LLM by University ofBrasília, Brazil). The report benefited from major substantive inputs provided by UNCTAD colleagues SanjaBlazevic, Belinda Galstyan, Lucas Godel, Janice Ho, Ildephonse Mbabazizimana and ShuyangShi. Further comments and inputs were received at various stages of production from TaisukeIto, Viridiana Garcia-Quiles, Remi Lang, Graham Mott, Sonia Nnadozie, Henrique Silva PaciniCosta, Vincent Valentine, Dong Wu and Akari Yamamoto. UNCTAD greatly appreciates inputs received through the 2024 UNCTAD Survey on the CreativeEconomy from the following countries: Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Benin,Cambodia, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guatemala,Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, Mozambique,Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Seychelles, Slovenia, SouthAfrica, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,Uzbekistan and Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Valuable comments were received by experts attending a virtual scoping meeting in May 2023.The experts included Felix Alaita, Aisha Augie, Giorgio Fazio, Joshua Glick, Jarna Heinonen,John Howkins, Dwinita Larasa, Daisy Park, Esteban Santamaria, Jonathan Sapsed, CaterinaSganga, Jen Snowball, Francois Souchet and Aishwarya Tipnis. TheCreative Economy Outlook 2024benefitedfrom interviews with the followingentrepreneurs and experts: Nada Alawi, Blessing Ebere Achu, Ayah Elarief, Pauline Kariuki,Sharon Wendo, Ratna Yoes (all of themparticipants of the UNCTAD eTrade for Womeninitiative), Alexandre Pieroni Calado, Luís Amorim, and Pedro António Janeiro. UNCTAD greatlyappreciates their availability and inputs. Pablo Cortizo, Laura Moresino-Borini and Magali Studer prepared the overall design andcover artwork. Table of contents Acknowledgements....................................................................iiiAbbreviations and acronyms...................................................viiiIntroduction................................................................................1 I. Global trends in the creative economy..................................3 A.Contribution of the creative economy to the global economyand employment.........................................................................5B.Trends in creative industries.......................................................61.Advertising.......................................................................................92.Architecture......................................................................................93.Audiovisual: film and television.......................................................104.Books and publishing......................................................................125.Music..............................................................................................146.Videogames....................................................................................157.Visual arts........................................................................................17 II. International trade in creative goods and services...........19 A.Creativ