Global Hydrogen Review 2024

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract TheGlobal Hydrogen Reviewis an annual publication by the International EnergyAgency that tracks hydrogen production and demand worldwide, as well asprogress in criticalareas such as infrastructure development,trade,policy,regulation, investments and innovation. The report is an output of theClean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiativeand isintended to inform energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospectsof hydrogen. Focusing on hydrogen’s potential role in meeting international energyand climate goals, the Review aims to help decision makers fine-tune strategiesto attract investment and facilitate deployment of hydrogen technologies at thesame timeas creating demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels.Itcompares real-world developments with the stated ambitions of government andindustry. This year’s report has a special focus on Latin America and includes analysis onrecent developments of low-emissions hydrogen projects in the region and how tounlock demand and move towards project implementation. In addition, the reportassessesin detail the greenhouse gas emissions associated with differenthydrogen supply chains. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits The Global Hydrogen Review was prepared by the Energy Technology Policy(ETP) Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks(STO) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The study was designed anddirected by Timur Gül, Chief Energy Technology Officer. Uwe Remme (Head of the Hydrogen and Alternative Fuels Unit) and Jose MiguelBermudez Menendez co-ordinated the analysis and production of the report. The principal IEA authors and contributors were (in alphabetical order): GiovanniAndrean (CCUS and geospatial analysis), Simon Bennett (lead on investment),Herib Blanco (lead on greenhouse gases and policies; Latin America), SaraBudinis(lead on CCUS),Jonghoon Chae(electricity generation),ElizabethConnelly (lead on transport), Chiara Delmastro (lead on buildings), StavroulaEvangelopoulou (production and data management), Mathilde Fajardy (CCUS),Alexandre Gouy (industry), Rafael Martinez Gordon (buildings), Shane McDonagh(transport), Megumi Kotani (policies), Francesco Pavan (lead on production andtrade), Amalia Pizarro (lead on Latin America and infrastructure; innovation),Richard Simon (lead on industry) and Deniz Ugur (investment). The development of this report benefitted from contributions provided by thefollowing IEA colleagues: Yasmina Abdelilah, Ana Alcalde Báscones, LeonardoColina, Ilkka Hannula, Martin Kueppers, Gabriel Leiva, Quentin Minier, Pedro Ninode Carvalho, Jennifer Ortiz and Mirko Uliano. Valuable comments and feedback were provided by senior management andother colleagues within the IEA, in particular Laura Cozzi, Keisuke Sadamori, TimGould, Paolo Frankl, Dennis Hesseling, Alessandro Blasi, and Araceli FernandezPales. Lizzie Sayer edited the manuscript while Anna Kalista and Per-Anders Widellprovided essential support throughout the process. Special thanks go to Prof. Detlef Stolten and his team at Jülich Systems Analysis,Forschungszentrum Jülich (Heidi Heinrichs, Daniel Rosales, Christoph Winkler,Bernhard Wortmann) for their model analysis on hydrogen production costs andanalytical input on water stress levels. Thanks also to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for their help inproducingthe report,particularly to Jethro Mullen,Curtis Brainard,Poeli Bojorquez, Jon Custer, Astrid Dumond, Merve Erdil, Liv Gaunt, Grace Gordon,Clara Vallois and Wonjik Yang. The work benefitted from the financial support provided by the Governments ofCanada and Japan. The following governments have also contributed to the reportthrough their voluntary contribution to the CEM Hydrogen Initiative: Australia,Austria, Canada, Finland, Germany, the E