Global Hydrogen Review 2023

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Revised version, SeptemberandDecember 2023Information notice found at:www.iea.org/corrections Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract TheGlobal Hydrogen Reviewis an annual publication by the International EnergyAgency that tracks hydrogen production and demand worldwide, as well asprogress in criticalareas such as infrastructure development,trade,policy,regulation, investments and innovation. The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and isintended to inform energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospectsof hydrogen, while also informing discussions at the Hydrogen Energy MinisterialMeeting organised by Japan. Focusing on hydrogen’s potentially major role inmeeting international energy and climate goals, the Review aims to help decisionmakers fine-tune strategies to attract investment and facilitate deployment ofhydrogen technologies at the same time as creating demand for hydrogen andhydrogen-based fuels. Itcompares real-world developments with the statedambitions of government and industry. This year’s report includes a focus on demand creation for low-emission hydrogen.Global hydrogen use is increasing, but demand remains so far concentrated intraditional uses in refining and the chemical industry and mostly met by hydrogenproduced from unabated fossil fuels. To meet climate ambitions, there is an urgentneed to switch hydrogen use in existing applications to low-emission hydrogenandto expand use to new applications in heavy industry or long-distancetransport. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits TheGlobal Hydrogen Reviewwas prepared by the Energy Technology Policy(ETP) Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks(STO) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The study was designed anddirected by Timur Gül, Chief Energy Technology Officer and Head of the EnergyTechnology Policy Division. Uwe Remme (Head of the Hydrogen and AlternativeFuels Unit) and Jose Miguel Bermudez Menendez co-ordinated the analysis andproduction of the report. Laura Cozzi, Dennis Hesseling, Paolo Frankl, Tim Gould,KeisukeSadamori,Hiro Sakaguchi,and Araceli Fernandez Pales providedvaluable, strategic guidance during the report’s development process. The principal IEA authors and contributors were (in alphabetical order): PraveenBains (hydrogen-based fuels), Simon Bennett (investment), Leonardo Collina(industry), Elizabeth Connelly (transport), Chiara Delmastro (buildings), StavroulaEvangelopoulou (production and data management), Mathilde Fajardy (CCUS),Alexandre Gouy (industry), Megumi Kotani (policy), Jean-Baptiste Le Marois(innovation), Peter Levi (industry), Rafael Martinez Gordon (buildings), ShaneMcDonagh (transport), Francesco Pavan (production, trade and infrastructure),Amalia Pizarro (trade, infrastructure and innovation), Noah Sloots (buildings) andChristoph Winkler (production). The development of this report benefitted from contributions provided by thefollowing IEA colleagues: Ana Alcalde Bascones, Carl Greenfield, Ilkka Hannula,Luca Lo Re, Jennifer Ortiz, and Nikoo Tajdolat. Lizzie Sayer edited the manuscriptwhile Liselott Fredriksson, Anna Kalista and Per-Anders Widell provided essentialsupport throughout the process. Thanks also to the IEA Communications and Digital Office for their help inproducing the report, particularly to Curtis Brainard, Poeli Bojorquez, Jon Custer,Astrid Dumond, Merve Erdil, Grace Gordon, Jethro Mullen, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin, Julie Puech, Lucile Wall, Therese Walsh and Wonjik Yang. The work could not have been achieved without the financial support provided bythe Governments of Australia, Canada, Germany, and Japan. The followinggovernmentshave also contributed to the report through their voluntarycontribution to the CEM Hydrogen Initiative: Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland,Germa