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生物燃料和生物质原料在2050年美国经济脱碳中的作用报告

公用事业2024-08-30-NREL一***

AI智能总结

The Role of Biofuels and Biomass Feedstocks for Decarbonizing the U.S. Economy by 2050

Executive Summary

Biomass is a versatile and energy-rich feedstock that could be a cost-effective pillar of the United States' decarbonization strategy. This report aims to identify potential scale-up of bioenergy deployment for trajectories consistent with long-term decarbonization.

Background

Biomass resources—particulary those from agricultural residues, dedicated energy crops, and waste streams—can play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The report leverages collaborative analysis from multiple national laboratories to assess the potential of biofuels and biomass feedstocks in achieving U.S. economy-wide decarbonization by 2050.

Key Findings

Bioenergy Deployment Potential: The report identifies significant potential for bioenergy deployment, particularly in sectors such as transportation, electricity generation, and industrial processes. Biomass can contribute to reducing GHG emissions by up to 30% by 2050.
Technological Innovations: Advances in technologies like biorefineries, direct air capture (DAC), and carbon capture and storage (CCS) can enhance the efficiency and scalability of bioenergy production. For instance, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis pathway for producing liquid fuels from biomass feedstocks shows promise.
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA): Comprehensive life cycle analyses indicate that certain biofuel pathways, such as those using short rotation woody crops (SRWC) and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), offer substantial environmental benefits. These pathways reduce GHG emissions by up to 80% compared to fossil fuels.
Economic Viability: The economic viability of bioenergy projects is enhanced by the availability of federal and state incentives, along with cost reductions from technological advancements. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) and techno-economic assessments (TEA) support the economic feasibility of large-scale bioenergy deployment.
Policy and Regulatory Framework: Strong policy frameworks, including regulations and incentives, are crucial for scaling up bioenergy. The report recommends policies that promote research, development, and deployment of advanced bioenergy technologies.

Collaborative Approach

The study was conducted under the DECARB (Decarbonizing Energy through Collaborative Analysis of Routes and Benefits) program, which involves collaboration between multiple national laboratories and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The program aims to integrate various analytical tools and leverage expertise from the DOE and national laboratories to provide comprehensive insights into potential decarbonization pathways.

Conclusion

By leveraging the full potential of biofuels and biomass feedstocks, the U.S. can significantly reduce its carbon footprint while fostering economic growth and job creation. The collaborative efforts and technological advancements highlighted in this report will be instrumental in achieving a net-zero economy by 2050.

DECARB: Decarbonizing EnergyThrough Collaborative Analysisof Routes and Benefits The Role of Biofuels and BiomassFeedstocks for Decarbonizing the U.S.Economy by 2050 DECARB: Decarbonizing Energy ThroughCollaborative Analysis of Routes and Benefits Troy R. Hawkins,1Ling Tao,2Matthew Binsted,3Pralhad Burli,4John Field,5Udayan Singh,1Russell Horowitz,3Doris Oke,1Arpit Bhatt,2Damon Hartley,4Saurajyoti Kar,1Yingqian Lin,4Rajiv Paudel,4Ookie Ma6 1Argonne National Laboratory2National Renewable Energy Laboratory3Pacific Northwest National Laboratory4Idaho National Laboratory5Oak Ridge National Laboratory6U.S. Department of Energy (currently with Energetics) Suggested Citation Hawkins, Troy R., Ling Tao, Matthew Binsted et al. 2024.The Role of Biofuels and BiomassFeedstocks for Decarbonizing the U.S. Economy by 2050. Golden, CO: National RenewableEnergy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5100-87279, ANL-23/56, PNNL-34336, INL/RPT-23-74427,ORNL/SPR-2023/3134.https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy24osti/87279.pdf. 1, NOTICE This work was authored in part by Argonne National Laboratory, the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, and the Strategic Analysis Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S.Department of Energy (DOE). Funding provided by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energy’s Strategic Analysis Team. The views expressed herein do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. •Argonne National Laboratory, managed by UChicago Argonne, LLCfor the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357•National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance forSustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308•Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle for theU.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830•Idaho National Laboratory, operated by Battelle for the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE) under contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517•Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle LLC for theU.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 This report is available at no cost from the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) atwww.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports producedafter 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991documents are availablefree viawww.OSTI.gov. Cover Photos by Getty Images: (top to bottom) 1335490775, 1390829035, 1367609573, 959984198. Preface DECARB (Decarbonizing Energy through Collaborative Analysis of Routes and Benefits) is across-cutting, multi-year program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of EnergyEfficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) to develop and inform strategies for achieving U.S.economywide decarbonization. DECARB’s vital work occurs at a time when recognition of anever-escalating climate crisis has never been greater, and when the global imperative todecarbonize energy systems has led to unprecedented levels of action and investment. Informing the transition to an equitable net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy requiresintegrated analysis across all energy supply and demand sectors; consideration of a wide range ofenergy infrastructure, end uses, and consumers; and impacts on air quality, affordability, equity,and other relevant metrics. To this end, DECARB is applying a suite of best-in-class, DOE-funded analytical tools and leveraging expertise from EERE and national laboratories to answercritical questions about potential decarbonization pathways. Concurrently, the program iscontinually developing new analytical capabilities and engaging stakeholders to enable betterand more refined insights over time. DECARB’s results will inform EERE strategies and R&Dinvestments; guide infrastructure deployment and policy design and implementation; and furtherenhance DOE’s analytical capabilities and products to help bring about an equitable net-zeroU.S. economy by 2050. Under DECARB, EERE is collaborating with a consortium of National Laboratories includingArgonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL),National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), andPacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to address several key goals: -Standardizing analytical approaches and advancing shared understanding of potentialenergy system futures and transition pathways to guide EERE activities, strategies,and outreach.-Executing multi-year workflows across several National Labs to enable EERE toidentify and quantify the cross-sectoral relationships impacting net-zero energyfutures.-Developing new analytical capabilities and products to help federal, state, local, andprivate sector stakeholders make informed decisions related to the energy transition.-Engaging external stakeholders to incorporate diverse viewpoints and disseminatefin

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