2023年国际移民展望报告

47TH EDITION International MigrationOutlook2023 This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. ISBN 978-92-64-85670-7 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-28211-7 (pdf)ISBN 978-92-64-43408-0 (HTML)ISBN 978-92-64-91881-8 (epub) International Migration OutlookISSN 1995-3968 (print)ISSN 1999-124X (online) Photo credits:Cover © David Rooney. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm.© OECD 2023 Foreword This publication constitutes the 47threport of the OECD’s Continuous Reporting System on Migration. Thereport is divided intosixchapters plus a statistical annex.Chapter1provides a broad overview of recenttrends in international migration flows.It also analyses recent changes on the labour market inclusion ofimmigrants in OECDcountries.Chapter2 monitorsrecent changes in migration policies, whileChapter3looks at the recent changes in policies that support the integration of immigrants and their children. Chapter4explores fertility patterns among migrant populations in OECDcountries and the limits of themeasures commonly used to describe them. It analyses the factors shaping fertility gaps betweennative-and foreign-born women, as well as those driving convergence over time.Chapter5looks at therelationship between family formation and labour market outcomes amongmigrant women. It analyses theshort-and longer-termeffects on employment outcomes and reviews some of the policies to support theemployment of migrant mothers and the role of institutional arrangements. Chapter6 presents succinct country-specific notes and statistics on developments in internationalmigration movements and policies in OECD and selected non-OECDcountries in recentyears. Lastly, thestatistical annex includes a broad selection of recent and historical statistics on immigrant flows, asylumrequests, foreign and foreign-born populations, and naturalisations. This year’s edition of theOECD International Migration Outlookis the collective work of the staff of theInternational Migration Division in the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.Chapters4and5were drafted by Alicia Adsera (Princeton University)andMarcela Valdivia (OECD). The preparationof these chapters has benefited from the financial support of the GermanFederal Ministry of Family Affairs,Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, and the SwedishMinistry of Employment. Jean-Christophe Dumontedited the report. Statistical work was carried out by Philippe Hervé and Veronika Strain-Fajth andcoordinated by Cécile Thoreau. Editorial assistance was provided by Dominika Andrzejczak and CharlotteBaer as well as Lucy Hulett. Editorial We need to pay more attention to the gender dimension of migration On top of what was already the largest inflow of new permanent immigrants on record, Russia’s War ofAggression againstUkrainehas led to the largest refugee surge to the OECD area since the end of WorldWarII. One of the most striking features of this mass displacement is the disproportionate share of womenwho represent around 70% of all adult refugees. This stands instark contrast to inflows of asylum seekersrecorded in past crises, which predominantly consisted of men. The gendered nature of displacement fromUkrainehas given new impetus for taking a gender lens when reviewing migration and integration policies,largely absent in most discussions on these topics. Beyond the current Ukrainian crisis, the lack of a gender focus is surprising, as women have for a longtime accounted for the majority of immigrants across the